Cost‐effectiveness of exergaming compared to regular day‐care activities in dementia: Results of a randomised controlled trial in The Netherlands

Abstract

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Economic evaluations of electronic health interventions for people with age‐related cognitive impairment and their caregivers: A systematic review

“…The study characteristics of the included studies are illustrated in Table 1. Studies were conducted in the USA (7 studies, 1593 participants), 35–40,44 Canada (1 study, 199 participants), 34 the UK (3 studies, 1193 participants), 41–43 Sweden (1 study, 690 participants), 45 and Netherlands (1 study, 112 participants) 46 . Most interventions were conducted via telephone or electronic systems, 35–46 and one study used the web as a delivery approach 34 .…”

“…Most interventions were conducted via telephone or electronic systems, 35–46 and one study used the web as a delivery approach 34 . The research participants of the included studies were PWACI ( n = 1), 43 caregivers ( n = 3), 34,35,41 and PWACI‐caregiver dyads ( n = 9) 36,37,39,40,44–46 . Most interventions are multicomponent, including cognitive support, dementia‐related health education, behavioral symptom management, emotional support, medication recommendations, care skills guidance, life problems counseling, health resource sharing and other elements 34–40,45 .…”

“…The participants of the four studies focused on people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia, 36,37,42,45 and the three focused on people with moderate‐to‐severe dementia 38–40 . Other studies did not report the degree of cognitive decline 43,44,46 …”

“…Discounting is normally performed when the time horizon of a study exceeds 1 year to convert future costs and benefits to the base value 47 . However, 10 studies neither used any discounting nor stated their justification for not doing so 35–40,42,44–46 . Two studies reported that the lack of discounting was because the time horizon was less than 1 year 34,41 And only one study mentioned that the costs and days in the community were discounted at 3.5% annually 43 .…”

“…The included studies varied substantially in methods, such as differences in perspectives and the use of different time horizons. A societal perspective was adopted by three studies, 34,43,46 and others used a health care payer perspective or not report perspective. The social perspective, one of the most commonly used perspectives in economic assessment, refers to a comprehensive consideration of the costs and effects of implementing an intervention, regardless of who experiences it 56 .…”