Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent Disability in Leprosy: A Systematic Review

Veen, Natasja H J Van; McNamee, Paul; Richardus, Jan Hendrik; Smith, W. C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004548

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is usually considered that relapse cases occur within a year of MDT completion. Unlike RR, relapse is insidious and may be accompanied by mild erythema of some old lesions, usually with mild neurological impairment and no significant changes in patient's general condition [Kar et al, 2009;Lienhardt and Fine, 1994;Richardus et al, 2004;Siddaraju et al, 2009;Siddiqui et al, 2002;van Veen et al, 2009].…”

Section: Reversal Reaction or Type 1 Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, immunological, and genetic aspects in leprosy

Simon

Scherlock

Duthie

et al. 2011

Drug Development Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects the skin and peripheral nerves and can cause irreversible chronic disabilities. The worldwide registered number of cases in 2009 was 213,036. This review discusses clinical aspects of the disease, including leprosy reactions and neuronal damage, as well as immunological and immunogenetic aspects influencing disease susceptibility and outcome. The cardinal signs of leprosy are skin lesions with altered sensation, thickened peripheral nerves, and presence of alcohol acid-resistant bacilli in skin biopsy or lymph. Confirmatory examinations include (1) bacteriological examination, which allows patients' classification into two operational groups, multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB); and (2) histopathological examination, which permits stratification in different clinical forms. These clinical forms differ not only by histopathology but also according to the host's immune response to M. leprae. These forms comprise the extremes of (1) tuberculoid leprosy (TT), with a specific Th1 response and control of M. leprae multiplication; (2) lepromatous leprosy (LL) without Th1 response and preserved Th2 response; and (3) the interpolar clinical forms, borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline borderline (BB), borderline lepromatous (BL), and indeterminate form (IL). Appropriate treatment is based on smear examination or the number of lesions at diagnosis. In the evolution of leprosy, acute inflammation, known as reactions, may occur during or after treatment. These reactions are classified into two main types: the type I reaction or reversal reaction (RR), and the type II reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). The role of innate immune response to control the infection is supported by immunological and genetic studies. Drug Dev Res 72:509-527, 2011.

show abstract

Section: Reversal Reaction or Type 1 Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, immunological, and genetic aspects in leprosy

Simon

Scherlock

Duthie

et al. 2011

Drug Development Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[7]–[9] In endemic areas, the majority of individuals infected with M. leprae do not develop disease, [10]; [11] and it is believed that disease development is associated with close and prolonged contact with untreated people with multibacillary disease, [12]; [13] as well as genetic [14]–[16] and socioeconomic factors. [17]; [18] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Surveillance of Hansen's Disease (Leprosy): Importance for Case Finding among Extra-domiciliary Contacts

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hansen's disease (leprosy) remains an important health problem in Brazil, where 34,894 new cases were diagnosed in 2010, corresponding to 15.3% of the world's new cases detected in that year. The purpose of this study was to use home visits as a tool for surveillance of Hansen's disease in a hyperendemic area in Brazil. A total of 258 residences were visited with 719 individuals examined. Of these, 82 individuals had had a previous history of Hansen's disease, 209 were their household contacts and 428 lived in neighboring residences. Fifteen new Hansen's disease cases were confirmed, yielding a detection rate of 2.0% of people examined. There was no difference in the detection rate between household and neighbor contacts (p = 0.615). The two groups had the same background in relation to education (p = 0.510), household income (p = 0.582), and the number of people living in the residence (p = 0.188). Spatial analysis showed clustering of newly diagnosed cases and association with residential coordinates of previously diagnosed multibacillary cases. Active case finding is an important tool for Hansen's disease control in hyperendemic areas, enabling earlier diagnosis, treatment, decrease in disability from Hansen's disease and potentially less spread of Mycobacterium leprae.

show abstract

“…Leprosy is one of the most prominent causes of disability among the communicable diseases [16]. The disease causes 51.2 percent of disability worldwide [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Dependence and Nutritional Status among Leprosy Survivors in Sungai Buloh, Malaysia

Isa¹,

Yasin²,

Zamhuri³

2016

JCHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease which also known as Hansen’s disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The social rights and health requirements should not be neglected among the remaining survivors. Although nutritional status and leprosy invasion has been studied in the past, there is still an unclear relationship between these two. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between nutritional status and disability among the leprosy survivors. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted at Sungai Buloh, Selangor area from June 2014 to July 2014. The degree of disability was assessed using Barthel’s Index and the nutritional status assessment was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 73 patients were involved in the study (60.3% were male and 89.0% were Chinese). The prevalence of disability was 56.2% (95% CI: 44.5 – 67.8) with walking up-stair was the highest item that need help (50.7%). There were 9.6% malnourished and 49.3% were at risk of malnutrition. There was a negative strong correlation between Nutritional score and the Barthel’s index score (Spearman rho, ρ = -0.714, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Measures must be taken to improve their nutritional status in order to increase their ability to be more independent particularly those who are very old. The degree of disability increases with malnutrition.

show abstract

Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent Disability in Leprosy: A Systematic Review

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Clinical, immunological, and genetic aspects in leprosy

Clinical, immunological, and genetic aspects in leprosy

Active Surveillance of Hansen's Disease (Leprosy): Importance for Case Finding among Extra-domiciliary Contacts

Functional Dependence and Nutritional Status among Leprosy Survivors in Sungai Buloh, Malaysia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About