Cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce dietary salt intake

Cobiac, Linda; Vos, Theo; Veerman, Lennert

doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.199240

Cited by 191 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…(34,36) One example of an effective cost-saving initiative is the "Tick" programme in Australia in which the salt content of selected processed foods is decreased. …”

Section: Potential For New Policies -Salt Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(35) While interventions that target salt reduction are key, dietary advice to reduce discretionary intake has little population impact. (34,36) One example of an effective cost-saving initiative is the "Tick" programme in Australia in which the salt content of selected processed foods is decreased. (36) In SA, Woolworths has reformulated several of its recipes to gradually reduce the salt content in making many of its brand products.…”

Section: Potential For New Policies -Salt Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A hidden menace: Cardiovascular disease in South Africa and the costs of an inadequate policy response

Maredza

Hofman

Tollman

2017

SAHJ

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A hidden menace: Cardiovascular disease in South Africa and the costs of an inadequate policy response and unhealthy diets. Even in rural SA, associated diffusion of urban behaviours is fostering the CVD epidemic. The United Nations projects that the percentage of population above 60 years will more than double between 1999 and 2050 in SA, with the burden due to CVD predicted to become the prime contributor to total morbidity and mortality in the over 50-year age group.(4) However, CVD is taking its toll even amongst the younger age groups, with deaths projected to increase by over 40% in the 35-to 64-year age group by 2030. This is further complicated by the growing number of HIV survivors, now estimated at 5.8% of the population older than 50 years. (5,6) This poses several challenges regarding the management of this emerging epidemic in the face of persisting undernutrition and Assuming a 4% rate of inflation, and a higher prevalence of CVD, the overall costs for CVD in 2010 would be more than double that 20 years ago. rIsk fActors In south AfrIcAThe major risk factors namely high blood pressure, tobacco use, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy diets are increasingly prevalent in Africa, both in urban and rural settings.The national prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) ranges from about 4% to 10%, with SA at the upperend of this spectrum. The prevalence of hypertension amongst males and females in one rural Mpumalanga district was 44%and 42% respectively, (12) a figure much higher than that reported for other rural areas in SSA. Several disease specific guidelines for hypertension, chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) and for type 2 diabetes mellitus have been developed. (17,18) These guidelines provide information on the management and control and include interventions that have been shown to be cost-effective in middle and lower-income countries.However, available evidence suggests that primary prevention and management of common cardiac conditions is limited even with these guidelines "in place".Prioritisation of interventions for the primary prevention of chronic diseases is minimal. For example, the guideline on primary prevention of CDL lists a variety of interventions for management. Whilst focus on CVD has been minimal, the revised South African guideline for managing ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack is a notable step. (24) This guideline puts forward a protocol for management that considers both the current epidemiological context and the strength of evidence of interventions for stroke care. The comprehensive plan that spans across all aspects of care including primary prevention, acute management, secondary prevention and rehabilitation, offers hope for mitigating the burden of disease due to stroke. ApproAchEs to prEVEntIonTwo approaches are conventionally advocated for CVD prevention. Population-wide approaches targeting the entire population and addressing the causes rather than the consequences; and those that target individual...

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“…(34,36) One example of an effective cost-saving initiative is the "Tick" programme in Australia in which the salt content of selected processed foods is decreased. …”

Section: Potential For New Policies -Salt Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential For New Policies -Salt Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hidden menace: Cardiovascular disease in South Africa and the costs of an inadequate policy response

Maredza

Hofman

Tollman

2017

SAHJ

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“…These include a WHO report on interventions on diet and physical activity: what works (38) , policy and actions to tackle obesity in England (39) , drug and lifestyle interventions in pre-diabetes (40) , to reduce dietary salt intake (41) , to promote fruit and vegetable consumption (42) , to compare weight watchers and the lighten up to a healthy lifestyle (43) , to assess diet and exercise to reduce overweight and obesity (44) and to determine the effect of 'traffic light' nutrition labelling and junk food tax (45) .…”

Section: Reviews Of Interventions For Non-communicable Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity building in public health nutrition

Geissler

2015

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The aim of the present paper is to review capacity building in public health nutrition (PHN), the need for which has been stressed for many years by a range of academics, national and international organisations. Although great strides have been made worldwide in the science of nutrition, there remain many problems of undernutrition and increasingly of obesity and related chronic diseases. The main emphasis in capacity building has been on the nutrition and health workforce, but the causes of these health problems are multifactorial and require collaboration across sectors in their solution. This means that PHN capacity building has to go beyond basic nutrition and beyond the immediate health workforce to policy makers in other sectors. The present paper provides examples of capacity building activities by various organisations, including universities, industry and international agencies. Examples of webbased courses are given including an introduction to the e-Nutrition Academy. The scope is international but with a special focus on Africa. In conclusion, there remains a great need for capacity building in PHN but the advent of the internet has revolutionised the possibilities.Nutrition: Public health: Capacity development: International: Africa Towards improved public health nutrition Despite advances in knowledge of nutrition and interventions there is still a high prevalence of malnutrition, mainly in developing countries, and an increasing prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases in both developed and developing countries. This has to be related to inadequate implementation or ineffective nutrition policies.Effective and sustainable public health nutrition (PHN) policy depends on many factors. One essential is wellfunded scientific research on the effects of foods and drinks and their components on health, the identification and measurement of types of malnutrition, including obesity, in individuals and populations, determination of the underlying causes of poor nutrition and the effectiveness of different interventions to prevent or remedy nutrition problems. The results need to be disseminated to the international scientific community through peer reviewed publications and discussion in scientific meetings.Research findings on specific topics should be synthesised through systematic reviews and reviewed by expert panels to provide up to date evidence-based information. This can be used for nutrition training and education of nutrition and other health professionals and translated into lay language for dissemination to the general public and to policy makers. Registration of qualified nutrition professionals is desirable to ensure the relevance of advice provided. Formulation and publication of standards are required for nutrition education for different levels of professionals and schools, for meals in schools and other institutions, for food suppliers in the form of food standards, e.g. WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius (1) , and for the general public through nutrition labelling of foods and drinks....

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“…It has been used, for example, in costing the implementation of mandatory legal interventions for reducing the level of salt in food. 5,6 However, at present there is no specific method for estimating the cost of the law-making component of a new public health law and too little information is available to determine whether law-making costs are relatively small or large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%