“…This study was conducted across 10 European countries (Belgium, France, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, the UK (specifically, England and Wales), Germany, Italy and The Netherlands). 23 These results are consistent with the results of the present analysis and are not surprising since many costly clinical interventions may be avoided due to pneumococcal vaccination. In the present study, PPV23 appears to be more cost-effective than in other countries may be due to our assumption that the NFZ would reimburse only 50% of the vaccine cost, whereas in other countries the full cost is usually reimbursed.…”