Cost-effectiveness of salt reduction to prevent hypertension and CVD: a systematic review

Schorling, Elisabeth; Niebuhr, Dea; Kroke, Anja

doi:10.1017/s1368980017000593

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These applications are likely to evolve and expand in the near future, with systems linking to devices with biological information such as that obtained from the salt‐monitoring device tested in the present study. These methods will contribute to lowering the risks and costs related to cerebrovascular and renal diseases …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods will contribute to lowering the risks and costs related to cerebrovascular and renal diseases. [37][38][39] Note: P values are for tests comparing mean differences between baseline and endline changes in the variables between the two groups. a P-value compares the ratio difference between the baseline and endline changes in the variables between the two groups by the chi-square test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups

Yasutake

Umeki

Horita

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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To prevent and treat hypertension, it is important to restrict salt in one's diet since adolescence. However, an effective salt‐reduction education system has yet to be established. Besides accurate evaluation, we believe that the frequent usage of a measurement device may motivate individuals to avoid high salt intake. The present study evaluated the use of a urinary salt excretion measurement device for salt‐reduction education in a parallel randomized trial of two groups. The sample comprised 100 university students who provided consent to participate. A survey with 24‐hour home urine collection and blood pressure measurement was conducted. Participants in the self‐monitoring group measured their own urinary salt excretion level for 4 weeks, using the self‐measurement device. Analyses were conducted on 51 participants in the control group and 49 in the self‐monitoring group. At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their characteristics and 24‐hour urinary salt excretion levels. After intervention, 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio showed no change in the control group [baseline score: 4.1 ± 1.5; endline score: 4.2 ± 2.0; P = 0.723], but it decreased significantly in the self‐monitoring group [baseline score: 4.0 ± 1.7; endline score: 3.5 ± 1.4; P = 0.044]. This change was significant even after adjusting for baseline and endline differences between groups using analysis of covariance (P = 0.045). The self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion measurement device improved the 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio. The device is a useful and practical tool for educating young individuals about dietary salt reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups

Yasutake

Umeki

Horita

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…Policy interventions should consider predictors of salt intake in their initiatives. They should take into account the patterns revealed by our analysis in order to develop cost effective interventions [1,25], such as monitoring and evaluation programs, consumer awareness campaigns and targeted projects. In Romania, we find similar levels of salt intake independently of the characteristics considered, except fat diet and diabetes for perceptions of salt intake and gender and age for actual estimated salt intake, even though previous research shows that there are differences between individuals across these characteristics when it comes to considering hypertension as a dependent variable.…”

Section: Multivariate Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Perceived Salt Intake and Actual Salt Intake in Romania. Implications for public policy

Ilinca¹,

Preda²,

Matei³

et al. 2019

Rev. Chim.

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Salt intake is one of the important predictors of hypertension, a widespread chronic disease among adults. Much remains to be known about its causes, especially in the Romanian context, where there is a scarcity of analyses on this particular topic. Its predictors are relevant for public policy in order to evaluate what strategy should be adopted given actual levels of salt intake and the way people think about their levels of salt intake. Our analyses focus on actual and perceived salt intake. Data for this analysis come from the SEPHAR project, gathered in 2016 (wave 3), a nationally representative sample of Romanians. After noting a major discrepancy between perceived and actual levels of salt intake, we used two regressions with actual and perceived salt intake as dependent variables and three types of factors as independent variables: socio-demographic (age, gender, region, type of locality, education), lifestyle (fat diet, alcohol consumption, active lifestyle, and smoking) and related diseases (obesity and diabetes). Results show Romanians have similar levels of salt intake perceptions independently of the characteristics considered, except fat diet and diabetes, and similar levels of actual salt intake except age and gender, even though previous research shows that there are differences between individuals across these characteristics when it comes to considering hypertension as a dependent variable. We conclude by noting policy interventions regarding salt intake based on the results of this research, especially the need to update the current Romanian TV campaign to reduce salt intake or similar campaigns from other countries.

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“…Correspondingly, salt reduction to less than 5g/day, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) [4], is an effective way to reduce the risk of CVDs through lowering blood pressure, as well as other adverse health implications associated with high salt intakes including chronic kidney disease, obesity, gastric cancer and liver diseases [5][6][7][8]. Further, in 2013 at the World Health Assembly, WHO Member States, including Australia, agreed to adopt targets to reduce 2 of 14 premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by 25% by 2025, and an aim to reduce global salt intake by 30% by 2025 was one of these targets [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Levels of Processed Meat in Australia: Supermarket Survey Data from 2010 to 2017

Sparks¹,

Farrand²,

Santos³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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High sodium intake increases blood pressure and consequently increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In Australia, the best estimate of sodium intake is 3840 mg sodium/day, almost double the World Health Organization guideline (2000 mg/day), and processed meats contribute approximately 10% of daily sodium intake to the diet. This study assessed the median sodium levels of 2510 processed meat products, including bacon and sausages, available in major Australian supermarkets in 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017, and assessed changes over time. The median sodium content of processed meats in 2017 was 775 mg/100 g (IQR 483–1080). There was an 11% reduction in the median sodium level of processed meats for which targets were set under the government’s Food and Health Dialogue (p < 0.001). This includes bacon, ham/cured meat products, sliced luncheon meat and meat with pastry categories. There was no change in processed meats without a target (median difference 6%, p = 0.093). The new targets proposed by the current government’s Healthy Food Partnership, capture a larger proportion of products than the Food and Health Dialogue (66% compared to 36%) and a lower proportion of products are at or below the target (35% compared to 54%). These results demonstrate that voluntary government targets can drive nutrient reformulation. Future efforts will require strong government leadership and robust monitoring and evaluation systems.

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Cost-effectiveness of salt reduction to prevent hypertension and CVD: a systematic review

Abstract: A population-wide salt reduction could be cost-effective in prevention of hypertension and CVD in OECD member countries. However, comparability between study results is limited due to differences in modelling, applied perspectives and considered data.

Cited by 61 publications

References 47 publications

A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups

A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups

Predictors of Perceived Salt Intake and Actual Salt Intake in Romania. Implications for public policy

Sodium Levels of Processed Meat in Australia: Supermarket Survey Data from 2010 to 2017

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