Objectives:
Standard of care treatment for resected stage I-III pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. The role of adjuvant treatment for sub-centimeter, stage IA PDAC is unknown. This study evaluated the effect of adjuvant treatment on survival outcomes of stage IA (T1N0), resected PDAC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).
Methods:
Retrospective review of the NCDB was conducted for T1 (tumor limited to pancreas, â€2 cm in greatest dimension), node negative (N0), resected PDAC between 2004 and 2013. Patient demographics, histology, adjuvant treatment, and survival trends were examined. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were performed to determine unadjusted association between overall survival (OS), tumor size, and treatment.
Results:
A total of 876 patients met the inclusion criteria: mean age 66.2 (32â90) years; 83.3% Caucasian (N=730); 53.1% female (N=465); 45.9% moderately differentiated tumor histology (N=402); 70.0% (N=613) tumors 1â2 cm (T1c); 30.0% (N=263) <1 cm (T1a/T1b); 94.2% negative surgical margins (N=815); 46.9% (N=410) received adjuvant therapy. Median OS was significantly different for patients who received adjuvant therapy compared to patients who did not (70.7 vs. 46.9 months; P=0.0001). For patients with <1 cm tumors, survival was not significantly different between patients who received adjuvant treatment compared to those who did not (not reached vs. 85.3 months; P=0.54). In the multivariable analysis, none of the covariates (treatment group, Charlson-Deyo score, age, insurance, facility status) showed significant difference for patients with <1 cm tumors.
Conclusion:
This is the first report showing no survival benefit of adjuvant therapy in resected sub-centimeter PDAC.