Cost-efficient clamping solar cells using candle soot for hole extraction from ambipolar perovskites

Wei, Zhanhua; Yan, Keyou; Chen, Haining; Yi, Ya Sha; Zhang, Teng; Long, Xia; Li, Jinkai; Zhang, Lixia; Wang, Jiannong; Yang, Shihe

doi:10.1039/c4ee01983k

Cited by 284 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Higher carrier recombination contributes to the increased electroluminescence luminance because of the h igh-quality emitter, whereas the EQE does not go up with the increased luminance. Large charge barriers and carrier quenching should take responsibility for the low EQE [31]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green light-emitting diode from bromine based organic-inorganic halide perovskite

Qin

Dong

2015

Sci. China Mater.

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Org anic-inorganic halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding solar cell efficiency. Meanwhile, these halide perovskites exhibit good light emitting in visible and near-infrared range with high fluorescence quantum yield, resulting in electroluminescence. However, it remains challenging for lighting and display due to the low luminance and poor long-term stability. Herein, high performance green light-emitting diodes are fabricated from bromine based perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) by systematically adjusting the preparation conditions and optimizing the emitting layer thickness. A high luminance up to 1500 cd m −2 (one of the highest values for perovskites-based light-emitting diodes) was achieved with 80 nm perovskites-emitting layer, due to the well-crystallized, full-coverage property of the films. This result further confirms the great prospect of organic-inorganic perovskites in optoelectronics.Recently, organic-inorganic halide perov skites, a new class of semiconductors with high power conversion efficiency and long-range balanced hole-electron transport characteristics, have shown huge potential in photovoltaics [1−10]. However, the work principle of these perovskite materials has not been well elucidated except for a few reports [11−15]. Apart from charge mobility [16,17], optical properties clearly point out another way to investigate these materials, which show pieces of information including charge separation, bandgap and chemical purity [18]. Interestingly, these organic-inorganic materials based on perovskites really exhibit excellent photoluminescence properties with tunable visible and near-infrared spectru m [19−22]. Moreover, combined with their balanced ambipolar properties, these materials have been proven to be electrically light emission. Very recently, a breakthrough in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on organic-inorganic halide perovskites has been made, which proves organic-inorganic halide perovskites as promising candidates in LEDs [23]. The ever reported LEDs based on these halide perovskites which show electroluminescence in near-infrared, red and green region and a luminance of ~364 cd m −2 was achieved 1 B eijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China * Corresponding authors (emails: dhl522@iccas.ac.cn (Dong H); huwp@iccas.ac.cn (Hu W)) when the thickness of the active layer was 20 nm. Lately, an improved luminance of 417 cd m −2 was obtained for multicolored perovskites-LEDs based on a 40 nm emitter layer, which is due to the reduced carrier injection barrier for efficient electroluminescence [24]. However, further application remains challenging owing to the toxicity of Pb atom, poor long-term stability and low luminance. Thus, improving the luminance, which is the focus of this paper, emerges as an important and urgent aspect to make these LEDs commercialized.Acco...

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Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green light-emitting diode from bromine based organic-inorganic halide perovskite

Qin

Dong

2015

Sci. China Mater.

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Section: Semitransparent Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wei et al developed a novel "clamping solar cell" using candle soot as the electrode. [ 69 ] The cells made by directly clamping a perovskite photoanode to candle soot on FTO substrate gave a 2.60% PCE. The PCE increased to 5.44% by annealing the candle soot.…”

Section: Cells With a Carbon Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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widely commercialized, but possiblities to increase their performance are limited, because nowadays the so-called balance of systems (BoS) cost of PV modules makes up most of the cost. [ 1 ] As much of the BoS scales with area, performance improvement seems the only way to decrease the cost of PV power further. Therefore, new PV cells are sought either to allow for higher effi ciencies than what is possible with Si PV without cost increase, or, as explained in section 3.4, to provide lowcost added effi ciency to Si PV. Emerging solar cells such as dye-sensitized, bulkheterojunction and quantum-dot solar cells can be fabricated via low-temperature solution processing, that holds promise for low-cost large scale application, but best power conversion effi ciencies (PCE) are half of, or less than that of the best commercial Si PV cells. [ 2 ] This is where perovskite solar cells enter, as for the fi rst time in PV history it is possible to produce high-effi ciency cells at low monetary and energy costs, with apparent ease of fabrication from earth-abundant, readily available raw materials. The PCE for perovskite solar cells has increased from 2.2% to 20.1% since 2006, showing an inviting vista of commercialization. [ 3,4 ] Perovskite solar cells are named after the crystal structure of the light absorbers, the structure of the mineral CaTiO 3 . Many compounds with ABX 3 stoichiometry take this structure, where A and B are 12-and 8-coordinates cations, respectively, and X is the anion. [ 4 ] Of the many ABX 3 only few are suitable to be efficient light absorbers for solar cells due to requirements such as appropriate bandgap for good light-harvesting ability, energy level/band alignment with contacting materials, long charge carrier lifetime, τ, and high mobility, µ. Perovskites generally have divalent anions, and the strong electrostatic bonding mostly makes their (high) bandgaps not suitable for solar PV. Mitzi et al. initiated using perovskites containing halides, ammonium cations and Sn 2+ in optoelectronic devices, which formed the basis for the development of perovskites for solar cells. [ 5 ] Here we will focus on such halide perovskites, together with one divalent (Pb 2+ ) and one monovalent (mostly CH 3 NH 3 + ) cation. The most effi cient halide perovskite solar absorbers consist of organic ammonium ions (CH 3 NH 3 + or NH = CHNH 3 + ), Pb 2+ and halide ions (I − , Br − ).[ 4 ] CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 possesses broad and intense light absorption. It is an ambipolar semiconductor (can be n-or p-type), and its charge carriers can have long diffusion lengths and lifetimes, which allow excellent PCE for solar cells made with it. [3][4][5][6] Another advantage of perovskite absorbers is the low-temperature solution-processing ability, which helps

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“…In our previous works, we have simplifi ed the architecture and the fabrication process of the carbon-based PSCs by eliminating the ZrO 2 insulating layer and depositing the perovskite layer by the two-step method, [ 20,[28][29][30] demonstrating the PCE at ≈11%. [ 20,29,30 ] Very recently, a paintable carbon-based PSC was reported by several groups, [31][32][33][34][35] which was fabricated by fi rst depositing the perovskite layer and then printing the carbon electrode with a pre-prepared carbon paste, as illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure S1 (Supporting Information). The whole process is simple, at low temperature and low cost, apparently compatible with roll-to-roll production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Engineering Boosts the Efficiency of Paintable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells to Beyond 14%

Chen

Wei

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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hole transport materials (HTMs), and metal contact electrode. Discouragingly, the conventional organic HTMs (e.g., spiro-OMeTAD) are usually expensive and unstable. The noble metal electrode is also costly and requires vacuum thermal evaporation device. These problems will hinder the commercialization of PSCs in the future. Fortunately, it was found that HTM-free PSCs could also operate efficiently since the unique ambipolar property of the perovskite allows it to serve not only as a light harvester but also as a hole conductor. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In particular, carbon-based HTM-free PSCs show much promise to solve the above-mentioned problems because carbon materials are earth abundant, low-cost, and environmentally stable. [ 11,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] To date, the most effi cient (PCE ≈ 13%) carbon-based PSCs were reported by Han and colleagues. [ 18,19,21,27 ] In these devices, a TiO 2 scaffold layer, a porous ZrO 2 insulating layer, and a porous carbon electrode were sequentially deposited, followed by infi ltration of a perovskite precursor solution. In our previous works, we have simplifi ed the architecture and the fabrication process of the carbon-based PSCs by eliminating the ZrO 2 insulating layer and depositing the perovskite layer by the two-step method, [ 20,[28][29][30] demonstrating the PCE at ≈11%. [ 20,29,30 ] Very recently, a paintable carbon-based PSC was reported by several groups, [31][32][33][34][35] which was fabricated by fi rst depositing the perovskite layer and then printing the carbon electrode with a pre-prepared carbon paste, as illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure S1 (Supporting Information). The whole process is simple, at low temperature and low cost, apparently compatible with roll-to-roll production. However, the PCE of the paintable carbon-based PSCs is relatively low, viz., ≤10%. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Plausibly, the most important limiting factor for achieving high-effi ciency of the paintable carbon-based PSCs lies in the poor contact at perovskite/carbon interface because of the postdeposition process of carbon electrode, which seriously decreases fi ll factor (FF). [31][32][33][34] In order to tackle such a contact problem, it is necessary to produce an even perovskite layer to afford intimate contact at the perovskite/carbon interface. Onestep method has been successfully applied to prepare an even perovskite layer on planer PSCs. [ 8,[37][38][39] However, this method is unsuitable for depositing a good pore-fi lling perovskite layer in a relatively thick mesoscopic TiO 2 scaffold required for the Carbon-based hole transport material (HTM)-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown much promise for practical applications because of their high stability and low cost. However, the effi ciencies of this kind of PSCs are still relatively low, especially for the simplest paintable carbon-based PSCs, in comparison with the organic HTM-based PSCs. This can be imputed to the perovskite deposition methods that are not very suitable for this kind of devices. A...

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Cost-efficient clamping solar cells using candle soot for hole extraction from ambipolar perovskites

Abstract: 11.02% efficient perovskite solar cells are made by simply clamping electrodes and by using candle soot for hole extraction.

Cited by 284 publications

References 36 publications

Green light-emitting diode from bromine based organic-inorganic halide perovskite

Green light-emitting diode from bromine based organic-inorganic halide perovskite

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

Solvent Engineering Boosts the Efficiency of Paintable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells to Beyond 14%

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