Cost Evaluation of Optical Packet Switches Equipped With Limited-Range and Full-Range Converters for Contention Resolution

Deduction of TWCs and Internal Wavelengths Needed for a Design of Asynchronous OPS System with Shared or Output FDL Buffer

“…However, the number of TWCs in an asynchronous optical packet or burst switch is a factor in the system cost, and the number of internal wavelengths is related to the conversion range of the TWC and is also a factor in the system cost [8,[21][22][23] . Therefore, the reduction of TWCs and internal wavelengths to guarantee minimum packet loss is inevitably required to prevent resource waste and to reduce design cost of an asynchronous OPS or OBS system [8,[21][22][23] .…”

“…However, the number of TWCs in an asynchronous optical packet or burst switch is a factor in the system cost, and the number of internal wavelengths is related to the conversion range of the TWC and is also a factor in the system cost [8,[21][22][23] . Therefore, the reduction of TWCs and internal wavelengths to guarantee minimum packet loss is inevitably required to prevent resource waste and to reduce design cost of an asynchronous OPS or OBS system [8,[21][22][23] . Although TWCs, optical gates and internal wavelengths (i.e., conversion range of TWC) needed for an asynchronous optical packet switch system without an optical buffer have been evaluated [21,22] , TWCs and internal wavelengths needed for an asynchronous OPS system with an FDL buffer remains an unresolved issue in terms of cost-effective design.…”

Four-Wave-Mixing-Based Dual-Wavelength Conversion in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

“…Wavelength conversion is used as an alternative to unavailable photonic memories, trying to solve contention resolution, as well as for space switching in wavelength-routed networks [2]. In many switch implementations which include a wavelength converter it is considered a scarce resource, often shared between all possible inputs and outputs [3]. It is, therefore, desirable to utilize this resource as best as possible.…”

An optical packet switch employing shared tunable parametric wavelength converters

“…Several methods of resolving contention have been proposed, such as the use of fiber delay-lines (FDL), deflection routing and wavelength conversion which exploit the time, space and wavelength domain, respectively. Although these methods can be combined, it is generally accepted that wavelength conversion is the preferred method for contention resolution [1]. For all-optical wavelength converters (WC), the key design criteria that can be identified are: wide wavelength conversion range, multi-wavelength conversion capability and signal transparency.…”

“…Multi-channel wavelength conversion based on single-pump FWM in SOAs [1] and in fiber [3] have been experimentally demonstrated. Recently, multichannel wavelength conversion using DFG was demonstrated using a quasi-phase-matched LiNBO3 (QPM-LN) waveguide for 64 and 103 x 10Gb/s channels [4] [5].…”