Cost of Caregivers for Treating Hospitalized Diarrheal Patients in Bangladesh

Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sultana, Marufa; Ali, Nizar Bel Hadj; Akram, Raisul; Alam, Khorshed; Khan, Jahangir; Morton, Alec

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed4010005

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This shows that if the household member suffers from diarrhea then household indirect health cost increases by 32 percent points while their direct and total health cost decreases by 46 and 27 percent points, respectively. The studies of Burke et al (2013); Sarker et al (2018) and Sultana et al (2021) also suporting our result. Dirreaha is highly prevalent and infectious diseases and common in all age groups in district Swat.…”

Section: Regression Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Households Health Cost from Water Borne Diseases in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2022

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The provision of safe drinking water is a very serious issue in Pakistan, including Swat district. Recently, the effects of unsafe drinking water on the health cost of the local community of district Swat has got their importance. The main objective of the study is to estimate the households’ health costs of waterborne diseases. The secondary objective of the study is to determine the factors that affect the household health cost from water borne diseases. The study applied to the health cost function on primary data collated from 433 households through a survey questionnaire in district Swat. Results reveal that typhoid, diarrhea, vomiting, and gastroenteritis (vomiting & diarrhea) are the most common waterborne diseases in the District. In rural areas of the district, the prevalence of typhoid and gastroenteritis is higher, whereas in urban areas the prevalence of diarrhea and vomiting is higher. Besides, households who use drinking water from public tube wells mostly suffer from gastroenteritis and vomiting, whereas households who use water from digging wells or from natural springs mostly suffer from gastroenteritis and diarrhea. On average, households bear the highest direct and total health costs of PKR 11685 or USD 52 and PKR 12778 or USD 57 respectively, if their family member suffers from typhoid. Similarly, on average, households bear the highest indirect health cost of PKR 1388 or USD 6, if their family member suffers from diarrhea. Results from the regressions show that household income, disease affected member age, education of household head, the prevalence of typhoid, diarrhea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, and the drinking water sources like tube well and spring significantly affect the direct, indirect, and total health costs of the households. The study recommended that the renovation of the existing drinking water sources and introduction of new safe drinking water schemes can reduce the burden of waterborne diseases and can reduce the health cost of households.

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Section: Regression Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, some researchers in the past constructed a water quality index for the water quality in India and Pakistan (Sarker et al, 2018;Solangi et al, 2020). However, they missed analyzing the effect of unsafe drinking water on household health costs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Households Health Cost from Water Borne Diseases in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2022

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“…One of the main causes of death is diarrheal disease, and it is found in all parts of the world (Sarker et al, 2019). Around 2.39 billion cases of diarrhea are found every year globally, and in the last seven years it was estimated that 0.53 million children under five died from diarrhea (Fullman et al, 2018;Vos et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Counseling on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) on Community Behavior to Prevent Diarrhea

Rahmad

Nurwahidah

2022

J. Prisma. Sains

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Counseling on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is an activity to convey health messages to the community, groups or individuals in the hope of gaining knowledge about better health, which in the end this knowledge can change the behavior of the community itself. Diarrhea is a disease that occurs due to bad habits of the community, and the most severe risk factor for this disease is death. This study aims to determine the effect of PHBS counseling on changes in people's behavior to prevent diarrhea. This research is a pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The pretest is the observation of public health behavior to prevent diarrhea before PHBS counseling, the treatment is in the form of PHBS counseling to the community, while the posttest is the observation of public health behavior to prevent diarrhea after PHBS counseling. Participants as extension subjects came from Waworada, Sie Village, Bima City - Indonesia. The number of participants was 64 people with various characteristics ranging from gender, age, and education. Health behavior was measured using a questionnaire that was conducted to the participants. Each behavioral data was analyzed descriptively and statistically (using paired t-test). The results of the study have shown that the initial observation, before PHBS counseling, most of the people behaved "enough" in preventing diarrheal diseases. After the implementation of PHBS counseling, most of the people behaved "good". That is, descriptively people's behavior changes in preventing diarrheal diseases with PHBS counseling. Statistically, this behavior change was tested and it was found that there was an effect of PHBS counseling on people's behavior to prevent diarrhea (p 0.000 < 0.05). It is hoped that the results of this study can provide empirical evidence, so that the inculcation of health knowledge through counseling can continue to be carried out in a structured manner to the wider community.

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“…Such studies have an important role in policy making and evidence generation for international comparisons. Despite several existing studies on the economic impact of diarrheal disease in Bangladesh (Rheingans et al, 2012b;Sarker et al, 2013Sarker et al, , 2018Sarker et al, , 2019Das et al, 2015), none of them captured information from all relevant levels of the health system, and few estimated the aggregate societal costs of diarrheal disease and the impact that diarrheal disease had on households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of diarrhea in children under 5 years in Bangladesh

Hasan

Mehdi

Broucker

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in Bangladesh. Hospitalization for diarrhea can pose a significant burden on households and health systems. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of illness due to diarrhea from the healthcare facility, caregiver, and societal perspectives in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study with an ingredient-based costing approach was conducted in 48 healthcare facilities in Bangladesh. In total, 899 caregivers of under-five children with diarrhea were interviewed face-to-face between August 2017 and May 2018, followed up over phone after 7-14 days of discharge, to capture all expenses and time costs related to the entire episode of diarrhea.

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Cost of Caregivers for Treating Hospitalized Diarrheal Patients in Bangladesh

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Households Health Cost from Water Borne Diseases in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Households Health Cost from Water Borne Diseases in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The Effect of Counseling on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) on Community Behavior to Prevent Diarrhea

The economic burden of diarrhea in children under 5 years in Bangladesh

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