Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

Healthcare Practitioners' Perspective of Prevailing Awareness on Diabetes Complications: A Questionnaire-Based Pan-India Study

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A Strategic Research Framework for Defeating Diabetes in India: A 21st-Century Agenda

“…As early identification of those at risk reduces lifetime treatment costs, 88 there is a pressing need for affordable solutions that both individuals and communities can access regularly for timely screening and diagnosis. [89][90][91][92][93][94] The paradigm of diabetes care delivery in India has traditionally been provider-centric; however, given the magnitude of the diabetes epidemic and long-term need for management, a shift to a patient-centric paradigm is needed. This requires both process and technology innovations, targeting patients and providers.…”

SGLT2 Inhibitors: Paradigm Shift from Diabetes Care to Metabolic Care—An Indian Perspective

“…[ 11 ] A cross-sectional observational study from India reported that 39.5% and 60.5% of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes were at ‘high risk’ and ‘very high risk’ for CV complications, respectively. [ 12 ] The median annual direct and indirect costs associated with diabetes care were estimated to be ₹ 25,391 and ₹ 4,970, respectively, in India;[ 13 14 ] patients with ≥2 comorbidities pay an additional 48% cost towards disease management. [ 15 ]…”