Cost of Preventing, Managing, and Treating Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Diseases in Sweden before the Introduction of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccination

Östensson, Ellinor; Fröberg, Maria; Levál, Amy; Hellström, Ann‐Cathrin; Bäcklund, L. Magnus; Zethraeus, Niklas; Andersson, Sonia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139062

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The average cost of cervical cancer screening using Pap smear is 91Euro in high-income countries [7].…”

Section: Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobile cancer preventive and early detection clinic in Uganda: Working with local communities as partners towards bridging the cancer health disparity

Jatho¹,

Mugisha²,

Kafeero³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background As high-income countries experience over-diagnosis of cancer diseases, the low-income countries are characterized by under-diagnosis or no diagnosis of even the most prevalent cancers. The Comprehensive Community Cancer Program (CCCP) is a community health unit of the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) that coordinates and implements primary prevention of cancer and early detection in Uganda. CCCP provides cancer information and screening services at UCI, in rural communities through mobile outreaches, mass media cancer awareness and training health workers on cancer prevention and early detection. We explored the feasibility and benefit of conducting outreaches in partnership with local communities.Methods We analyzed the quarterly UCI-CCCP cancer health education and screening output report data form July 2016 to June 2019 to compare UCI-hospital-based and community outreach cancer awareness and screening services.Results From July 2016 to June 2019, we worked with 107 local partners and conducted 151 outreaches. Out of the total number of people who attended cancer health education sessions, 77.9% were reached through outreaches. Ninety-two (95%) cancer awareness TVs and radio talk-shows conducted were sponsored by local partners. Out of the total people screened; 63.0% cervical, 64.4% breast and 38.7% prostate screening clients were screened through outreaches. The screen-positive rates were higher in hospital-based screening except for Prostate screening; cervical, 8.8%, breast, 8.4% prostate, 7.1 than in outreaches; cervical, 3.2%, breast, 2.2%, prostate, 8.2%). Out of the screened positive clients who were eligible for pre-cancer treatment like cryotherapy for treatment of pre-cervical cancer lesions, thousands-folds monetary value and productive life saved relative to the market cost of cancer treatment and survival rate in Uganda. When the total number of clients screened for cervical, breast and prostate cancer are subjected to the incremental cost of specific screening, a greater portion (98.7%) of the outreach cost was absorbed through community partnership.Conclusions Outreaching and working in collaboration with communities as partners help in cost-sharing and leverage for scarce resources to promote primary prevention and early detection of cancer. This contributes to bridging cancer health disparity in the population.

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“…The average cost of cervical cancer screening using Pap smear is 91Euro in high-income countries [7].…”

Section: Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average cost in high-income settings varies by stages for example in Europe; 17 514 euro (18,000USD) for FIGO Ia1-Ib1, 43 950 for FIGO Ib2, 45 126 for FIGO II, 41 125 for FIGO III and 51 420 for FIGO IV [7]. This amounts to an average cost of 33,189.17 Euro, equivalent of US $36,751.07.…”

Section: Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile cancer preventive and early detection clinic in Uganda: Working with local communities as partners towards bridging the cancer health disparity

Jatho¹,

Mugisha²,

Kafeero³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Many developed countries including USA, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Sweden, and United Kingdom have established national guidelines to defeat the HPV and associated cancers [21]. Notably, the established guidelines in mentioned countries altogether focus mainly on the HPV-related cervical cancer in women only.…”

Section: Preventive Strategies For Hpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These HPV types are also responsible for genital warts as well as head and neck cancer [21]. The CervarixTM contains L1 capsid proteins from HPV 16 and 18 in the form of VLPs and an adjuvant AS04 containing: 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A.…”

Section: Cervarixtmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Strategies against Human Papillomaviruses

Sattar¹,

Umer²,

Ramzan³

et al. 2016

Human Papillomavirus - Research in a Global Perspective

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is among the most common viral infections of the reproductive tract. Out of more than 100 different types of HPV identified so far, only a few (termed as "high-risk" subtypes) are associated with cervical cancer. On the other hand, "low-risk" subtypes are associated with genital warts and other benign changes in cervical and oral mucosa. Majority of the HPV infections usually clear up without any intervention within a few months. However, a fraction of HPV infections, such as those with types 16 and 18, can become persistent which may lead to the development of anogenital or cervical cancers. HPV subtypes 16 and 18 together are responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancer cases, the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths in women. In the absence of any specific treatment options, preventive measures are considered as cornerstone of strategies aimed at curbing the burden of this disease. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of strategies that can be employed to prevent and eradicate HPV infection. Minimizing the exposure to HPV risk factors such as unprotected sex, multiple sex partners, early age sex, and not being circumcised, can reduce the chances of getting HPV infection to a significant level. Mass screening programs have also been effective in HPV eradication. Nevertheless, immunization against HPV has proven to be the most promising strategy in fight against HPV. Virus-like particles based on bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent anti-HPV vaccines have been licensed and are available in market under the trade names of Cervarix®, Gardasil®, and Gardasil9®, respectively. Various clinical trials and population-based studies have demonstrated high levels of efficacy for all the three vaccines in preventing typespecific malignancies.

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“…However, cervical cancer remains the third most common cancer among women aged 15–44 years . In addition, these programs require considerable monetary and non‐monetary resources and, in some cases, involve unnecessary screening procedures stemming from false‐positive screening results, motivating initiatives to improve cervical cancer prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of cervical cancer epidemiology and prevention in Scandinavia

Pedersen

Fogelberg

Thamsborg

et al. 2018

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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New technologies such as human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and vaccination necessitate comprehensive policy analyses to optimize cervical cancer prevention. To inform future Scandinavian-specific policy analyses, we aimed to provide an overview of cervical cancer epidemiology and existing prevention efforts in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. We compiled and summarized data on current prevention strategies, population demography and epidemiology (for example, age-specific HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence over time) for each Scandinavian country by reviewing published literature and official guidelines, performing registry-based analyses using primary data and having discussions with experts in each country. In Scandinavia, opportunistic screening occurred as early as the 1950s and by 1996, all countries had implemented nationwide organized cytology-based screening. Prior to implementation of widespread screening and during 1960-66, cervical cancer incidence was considerably higher in Denmark than in Norway and Sweden. Decades of cytology-based screening later (i.e. 2010-2014), cervical cancer incidence has been considerably reduced and has converged across the countries since the 1960s, although it still remains lowest in Sweden. Generally, Scandinavian countries face similar cervical cancer burdens and utilize similar prevention approaches; however, important differences remain. Future policy analyses will need to evaluate whether these differences warrant differential prevention policies or whether efforts can be streamlined across Scandinavia.

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Cost of Preventing, Managing, and Treating Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Diseases in Sweden before the Introduction of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccination

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Mobile cancer preventive and early detection clinic in Uganda: Working with local communities as partners towards bridging the cancer health disparity

Mobile cancer preventive and early detection clinic in Uganda: Working with local communities as partners towards bridging the cancer health disparity

Preventive Strategies against Human Papillomaviruses

An overview of cervical cancer epidemiology and prevention in Scandinavia

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