Cost of resilience: Childhood poverty, mental health, and chronic physiological stress

France, Kalee De; Evans, Gary W.; Brody, Gene H.; Doan, Stacey N.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105872

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, Evans and Kim [43] reported that the longer the children lived in poverty from birth to age 9, the higher was the increase in allostatic load levels between ages 9 and 17. These studies [39, 41, 43] support the idea that early life economic adversities may have long-term effects leading to elevated risk of allostatic load in emerging adulthood. Homeless children and youths living in rural villages [52] or impoverished neighborhoods [51] displayed high scores of allostatic load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Further, its duration was associated with high levels of allostatic load during childhood [44]. Three longitudinal studies [39, 41, 43] reported a prospective significant relationship between childhood poverty and increased levels of allostatic load later in life. Further, the degree of increase in allostatic load over time appeared to be accelerated among those who spent longer periods of early childhood in poverty [39, 41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three longitudinal studies [39, 41, 43] reported a prospective significant relationship between childhood poverty and increased levels of allostatic load later in life. Further, the degree of increase in allostatic load over time appeared to be accelerated among those who spent longer periods of early childhood in poverty [39, 41]. Similarly, Evans and Kim [43] reported that the longer the children lived in poverty from birth to age 9, the higher was the increase in allostatic load levels between ages 9 and 17.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies addressed the association between sociodemographic variables and allostatic load in children and adolescents [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. In a longitudinal study [42] conducted on a sample of young adults, childhood poverty was found to be a significant predictor of allostatic load.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Lucente,

Guidi

2023

Psychother Psychosom

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Introduction: The concept of allostatic load encompasses the cumulative effects of both ordinary daily life events as well as major challenges, and also includes related health-damaging behavior. Allostatic overload ensues when environmental challenges exceed the individual’s ability to cope. Identification of allostatic load is carried out through the use of biomarkers and clinimetric criteria. Studies are increasingly reported on allostatic load in younger populations, yet a systematic review is missing. Objective: The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the current knowledge on allostatic load/overload among children and adolescents. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2023. A manual search of the literature was also performed. We considered only studies in which allostatic load or overload were adequately described and assessed in either clinical or non-clinical populations younger than 18 years. Results: A total of 38 original investigations were included in this systematic review. Studies reported an association between allostatic load and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., poverty, ethnicity, perceived discrimination, adverse childhood experiences) and environmental factors, as well as consequences of allostatic load on both physical and mental health among children and adolescents. Conclusions: The findings indicate that greater allostatic load is associated with poorer health outcomes in both clinical and non-clinical pediatric populations, with possible enduring effects. The results support the clinical utility of the transdiagnostic identification of allostatic load and overload in children and adolescents across a variety of settings, with a number of potential clinical implications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Lucente,

Guidi

2023

Psychother Psychosom

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“…In our analysis, we weighted each resilience domain equally and assumed that domains contributed additively and independently towards the overall cross-domain resilience score. However, a burgeoning literature suggests that adolescents who face adversity yet demonstrate positive psychological adjustment are more likely to exhibit higher physiological stress over time [ 60 , 61 ]. Accordingly, the influence of these domains may ultimately be modeled differently, with observed correlations and interactions, timing of outcomes assessment, and prior evidence of relative impact all taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient phenotypes among bereaved youth: a comparison of trajectory, relative, and cross-domain approaches

Dice

Xian

Kim

et al. 2023

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background Bereavement is a common traumatic event associated with adverse health outcomes across the life course. Despite these risks, not all bereaved individuals experience these negative effects. Limited scientific consensus exists on how to define resilience in individuals who have experienced the death of a loved one. Methods Using a sample of N = 3766 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we identified bereavement of a family member between ages 7 and 8.5. We derived and compared three different approaches to assess resilience among bereaved youth. Trajectory-based psychological resilience identified sub-groups with similar psychological symptom profiles between ages 6 and 16 using latent growth mixture models. Relative psychological resilience at age 16 leveraged standardized residuals from a model regressing psychological symptoms on bereavement to determine better-than-expected psychological functioning relative to bereavement status. Relative cross-domain resilience around age 16 was a sum score of the residuals approach applied to eight unique domains of health. Predictive validity of each approach was assessed using depressive symptoms at age 17.5 Results Overall, N = 877 (23%) youth were bereaved of a family member between ages 7 and 8.5. Using latent growth mixture models, a three-class solution described 84% of bereaved youth with low and stable psychological symptoms over time, 8% with worsening symptoms, and 8% with improving yet elevated symptoms. Each relative resilience score was largely concordant with the trajectory-based approach in identifying individuals as resilient or not, though relative psychological resilience demonstrated a stronger degree of concordance than the cross-domain score. Relative psychological and cross-domain resilience exhibited moderate to low correlation, depending on the domains included (r = 0.14–0.43). For each approach, resilience significantly predicted lower depressive symptoms at age 17.5, highlighting predictive validity of these measures. Conclusions Psychological symptom trajectories among bereaved youth aligned with those previously identified among bereaved adults. The residual-based approach to defining resilience exhibited limited utility in the context of bereavement. When identifying risk and resilience after bereavement, researchers and clinicians must address the interplay across psychosocial and physical health domains, as bereaved youth considered resilient from a mental health perspective may benefit from intervention in other domains.

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Group‐based instrumental musical training to enhance resilience among school‐aged children from low‐income families: A pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial

Cheung,

Ho,

et al. 2024

Nursing Open

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AimTo evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and potential effectiveness of a group‐based instrumental musical training programme in improving resilience, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem and quality of life among school‐aged children from low‐income families.DesignAssessor‐blinded pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial with process evaluation.MethodsThis study was conducted in the community from January 2022 to July 2023. Sixty‐four children from low‐income families (aged 8–12 years) were randomised (1:1) to intervention and waitlist control groups. The intervention group (n = 32) received weekly 1‐hour instrumental musical training for 6 months in groups of four to five from professionally qualified musicians at a music centre. The participants in the waitlist control group (n = 32) received the same intervention as the participants in the intervention group after the completion of all outcome assessments. The primary outcome was the children's levels of resilience, measured using the Resilience Scale for Children – 10. The secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, self‐esteem and quality of life. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0) and immediately post‐intervention (T1). An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed.ResultsThe 64 participants had a mean (SD) age of 9.5 (1.44) years, and 37 (57.8%) were boys. Compared with the waitlist control group, participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in resilience levels from baseline to T0 (group‐by‐time interaction coefficient β = 4.41; 95% CI, 1.82–6.99; p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (β = −6.42; 95% CI, −11.12 to −1.71; p = 0.008), self‐esteem (β = −2.60; 95% CI, 0.28–4.92; p = 0.028) and quality of life (β = 6.69; 95% CI, 0.18–13.2; p = 0.044).ConclusionThe group‐based instrumental musical training programme was feasible and acceptable for school‐aged underprivileged children and showed the potential to improve the resilience and quality of life of this vulnerable population.

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Cost of resilience: Childhood poverty, mental health, and chronic physiological stress

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Resilient phenotypes among bereaved youth: a comparison of trajectory, relative, and cross-domain approaches

Group‐based instrumental musical training to enhance resilience among school‐aged children from low‐income families: A pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial

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