Cost of trauma in Europe

Adolescents’ Drinking Habits Predict Later Occurrence of Traumatic Brain Injury: 35-Year Follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort

“…Many of the brain injuries of young people could probably be avoided if there were stricter constraints on the availability of alcohol and the acceptability of alcohol drinking. This would also diminish the socioeconomic burden on the community due to the frequently very high medical expenses of TBI patients' rehabilitation [30].…”

Targeted suppression of claudin-5 decreases cerebral oedema and improves cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury

“…In Europe alone, brain injuries cause over 66,000 deaths per annum while almost 1.6 million people are admitted to Hospital each year 2 . Indeed, more people suffer a TBI each year than the numbers diagnosed with breast, lung, prostate, brain and colon cancer combined 3 .…”

Medical Care Costs Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury over the Full Spectrum of Disease: A Controlled Population-Based Study

“…There is also evidence that TBI is associated with high health care costs, both for individuals and society (Berg et al, 2005;Finkelstein et al, 2006;Kayani et al, 2009;Max et al, 1991;McGarry et al, 2002;Schootman et al, 2003;Schneier et al, 2006;Shi et al, 2009;Thurman, 2001). While there is no way to fully describe the human costs of TBI, complete and valid estimates of TBI-associated medical care utilization and costs are essential for informing allocation of scarce resources, targeting efforts toward prevention, identifying best practices, addressing future care needs, and implementing cost-effective treatments.…”

“…Many were limited to specific age groups or mechanisms of injury, and some relied on self-report of injury and/or utilization (Brener et al, 2004;Brooks et al, 1995;Cameron et al, 2008;King et al, 2010;Slomine et al, 2006;Vangel et al, 2005;Whitlock and Hamilton, 1995). Existing estimates of TBI-associated medical care costs have thus been characterized as incomplete and subject to ascertainment, participation, recall, and survivor bias (Berg et al, 2005;Borg et al, 2004;Corrigan et al, 2003;Thurman, 2001).…”