Costa Rican International Cooperative Biodiversity Group: Using Insects And Other Arthropods In Biodiversity Prospecting

Appel, Ana Sittenfeld; Castillo, Giselle Tamayo; Muñoz, Vanessa Nielsen; Jiménez, Allan; Hernández, Priscilla Hurtado; Carmona, Misael Chinchilla; Bermúdez, Olga Marta Guerrero; Mora, Maria A.; Rojas, María; Blanco, Roger; Alvarado, Eugenio; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a; Janzen, Daniel H.

doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200010)37:sup;1-w;ft055

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The first major international collaboration to provide a biodiverserich country with revenue resulting from potential pharmaceutical applications of its biodiversity, and to use this revenue to study and protect said biodiversity, was the aforementioned agreement between Merck and INBio in Costa Rica in 1991 (Aldhous 1991;Blum 1993). Following this example, similar projects emerged elsewhere (Suffness et al 1995;Sittenfeld et al 1999;Soejarto et al 2004;Dalton 2006;Lewis & Ramani 2007). Then, there was the advent of molecular phylogenetics (Samuels & Seifert 1995;Crous 2005).…”

Section: The Nagoya Protocol: Improvement or Impediment To The Sciencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Lücking

2020

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This paper discusses three issues that challenge contemporaneous taxonomy, with examples from the fields of mycology and lichenology, formulated as three questions: (1) What is the importance of taxonomy in contemporaneous and future science and society? (2) An increasing methodological gap in alpha taxonomy: challenge or opportunity? (3) The Nagoya Protocol: improvement or impediment to the science of taxonomy? The importance of taxonomy in society is illustrated using the example of popular field guides and digital media, a billion-dollar business, arguing that the desire to name species is an intrinsic feature of the cognitive component of nature connectedness of humans. While continuous societal support of a critical mass of taxonomists is necessary to catalogue all species on Earth, it is shown that this is a finite task, and a proposal is made how a remaining 10 million species can be catalogued within 40 years by 1,000 well-trained and dedicated taxonomists, with an investment of $4 billion, corresponding to 0.0001% of the annual global GDP or 0.005% of annual military expenditures. Notorious undercitation of actually used taxonomic resources and lack of coverage of impact metrics for monographs and other taxonomic work that cannot be published in indexed journals is discussed and suggestions are made how this problem can be remedied. An increasing methodological gap in approaches to taxonomy, between classic morphological and advanced genomic studies, affects in particular taxonomists in biodiversity-rich countries and amateurs, also regarding proper training to apply advanced methods and concepts. To counterbalance this problem, international collaborations bringing different expertise to the table and undertaking mutual capacitation are one successful remedy. Classic taxonomy still works for many groups and is a first approach to catalogue species and establish taxon hypotheses, but ultimately each taxonomic group needs to be studied with the array of methods proper to the group, including descriptive work. Finally, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol has put additional burden on basic biodiversity science. Using lichenology in Latin America and Brazil as an example, it is shown that the spirit of non-monetary benefit-sharing proper to taxonomy and systematics, namely capacitation, joint publications, and shared reference collections, has been increasingly implemented long before the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol, and does not need additional “policing”. Indeed, the Nagoya Protocol puts the heaviest burden on taxonomy and researchers cataloguing biodiversity, whereas for the intended target group, namely those seeking revenue gain from nature, the protocol may not actually work effectively. The notion of currently freely accessible digital sequence information (DSI) to become subject to the protocol, even after previous publication, is misguided and conflicts with the guidelines for ethical scientific conduct. Through its implementation of the Nagoya Protocol, Colombia has set a welcome precedence how to exempt taxonomic and systematic research from “access to genetic resources”, and hopefully other biodiversity-rich countries will follow this example.

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Section: The Nagoya Protocol: Improvement or Impediment To The Sciencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Lücking

2020

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“…La selección fue realizada después de identificar las familias y especies de plantas que servían de alimento a ciertos artrópodos que presentaron componentes con actividad antimalárica (Sittenfeld et al 1999, Chinchilla et al 2008. En el campo, las plantas fueron ubicadas con la ayuda de un experto y de acuerdo con los registros realizados previamente en la REBAMB (Barrantes 2004, Gómez-Laurito & Ortiz 2004.…”

Section: Plantasunclassified

Evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de 25 plantas provenientes de una Reserva de Conservación Biológica de Costa Rica

Chinchilla-Carmona

Valerio-Campos

Sánchez-Porras

et al. 2011

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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RESUMENSe realizó una evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de las hojas, flores, frutos, corteza y raíz de 25 plantas de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB), situada en San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Las plantas estudiadas fueron Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl., Aphelandra tridentata Hemsl. . Los extractos alcohólicos frescos y secos, fueron evaluados por su actividad inhibitoria de la parasitemia causada por Plasmodium berghei en ratones Swiss. Al realizar las prueba de CI 50, las plantas en que esa actividad fue muy relevante fueron (en mg kg -1 de peso): 12 para la corteza de B. frutescens, 18 para la raíz de H. appendiculata, 14 para la raíz de I. deltoidea, 4 para el fruto inmaduro de M. longipes, 21 para la raíz de N. membranacea, 19 para las hojas tiernas de P. povedae y 16 para el fruto inmaduro de S. tecaphora. Los extractos frescos presentaron una mayor actividad antimalárica que los sometidos a desecación. Este estudio es una contribución más al conocimiento del valor potencial farmacológico de la biodiversidad botánica costarricense.Palabras clave: antimaláricos, Costa Rica, in vivo, plantas, Plasmodium berghei. ABSTRACTAn evaluation of the antimalarial activity of the leaves, flowers, fruits, bark and roots of 25 plants from the Reserve Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological (REBAMB) was performed. The reserve is located in San Ramon, Alajuela, Costa Rica and the plants studied were Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl., Aphelandra tridentata Hemsl. . The fresh and dry alcoholic extracts were evaluated in Swiss mice for their inhibitory activity on multiplication of Plasmodium berghei. When making the test IC 50 , the only plants whose activity (mg kg -1 of body weight) was relevant were: 12 for bark in B. frutescens, 18 for root in H. appendiculata, 14 for root in I. deltoidea, 4 for unripe fruits in M. longipes, 21 for root in N. membranacea, 19 for young leaves in P. povedae and 16 for unripe fruits in S. tecaphora. The fresh extracts showed greater antimalarial activity than those previously dried. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of potential medicinal value of botanical biodiversity of Costa Rica.

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“…De acuerdo con los méto-dos de campo descritos previamente (Sittenfeld et al 1999, Nielsen et al 2004, se recolectaron ejemplares de los órdenes y familias que se indican en el cuadro 1 para un total de 751 muestras.…”

Section: Materials Y Métodosunclassified

“…Siguiendo esta línea de pensamiento se aprovechó una intensa recolecta de material entomológico realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica (INBio), tendiente especialmente a realizar un inventario de artrópodos de este país y de paso, obtener algunos productos activos de tipo bactericida, antiviral y reguladores inmunológicos, entre otros (Sittenfeld et al 1999, Nielsen et al 2004. Usamos una mínima parte de ese material para estudiarlo en forma experimental por su actividad contra agentes de la malaria, utilizando para ello la especie Plasmodium berghei de naturaleza netamente murina.…”

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Concentración natural de compuestos antimaláricos en artrópodos tropicales (in vitro)

Chinchilla-Carmona¹,

Bermúdez²,

Tamayo‐Castillo³

et al. 2006

RBT

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Natural concentration of antimalaric components in Tropical arthropods (in vitro). Alcohol, hexane and dichlorometane extracts of 751 samples of Costa Rican arthropods were studied for the presence of antimalaric components. With Plasmodium berghei we set an in vitro model in which the effect of the extract was determined by staining of the parasites with cresil brilliant blue. Active extracts at concentration of 50 mg or less, were considered positive. Promissory extracts were found in the orders Lepidoptera (24.1%), Coleoptera (32.8%), Hemiptera (38.5%) and Polydesmida (81.3%). Since most of the Lepidoptera samples were in the immature stages, the relation with the host plant was analyzed. Cannaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Crisobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae and Caprifoliaceae were related with the Lepidoptera larvae, and an antimalaric effect has been reported in most of these families. In the orders Polydesmida, Opiliones and Blattodea, the extract from adults also had some important effect, probably because all of them fed on plants. Polydesmida and Opiliones have chemical substances that probably serve as defensive purposes; these chemicals could also have some antiparasitic effect. Therefore, the detection of antimalaric components in arthropod species led to the identification of plants with promissory antimalaric components. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 473-485. Epub 2008 June 30.

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Costa Rican International Cooperative Biodiversity Group: Using Insects And Other Arthropods In Biodiversity Prospecting

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de 25 plantas provenientes de una Reserva de Conservación Biológica de Costa Rica

Concentración natural de compuestos antimaláricos en artrópodos tropicales (in vitro)

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