Costa Rican wetlands vulnerability index

Veas-Ayala, Néstor; Alfaro-Córdoba, Marcela; Quesada‐Román, Adolfo

doi:10.1177/03091333221134189

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The denudation environment influenced the formation of a peneplain on which the coastal and fluvial-marine plains are located, made up of flattened surfaces and residual hills, resulting from the prolonged weathering processes [9]. Carried soil analysis has confirmed the lacustrine origin of the deposits, while it was possible to determine the water table at a depth of 1.20 m. These deposits are the product of geomorphological-climatic processes [55]. These kinds of sediments are characterized by the predominance of silts and clays.…”

Section: Landforms and Processes Within The Ciénega De El Manglementioning

confidence: 96%

Past and Present Drivers of Karst Formation of Ciénega de El Mangle, Panama

Rivera-Solís,

Quesada-Román,

Domazetović

2023

Quaternary

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Tropical coastal karst areas represent dynamic, fragile, and biodiverse environments. Central America’s karst regions have been scarcely studied, with most of the research focused on the northern part of the region and on several larger cave systems. The coastal carbonate zones of the Central American region represent a unique karstic landscape, which, so far, has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to describe the (i) landscape geomorphology and (ii) chemical conditions that define Ciénega de El Mangle in Panama as a distinctive karstic site. Carried geomorphological mapping and the characterization of karstic features have resulted in the identification of the different karstic forms and processes that are present within this unique karstic area. Considering that the chosen karstic study area is located in a marine–coastal fringe on the periphery of a lagoon, it is affected by a combination of several factors and processes, including seawater intrusion (through sinkholes), the formation of conchiferous limestone (CaCO3), and NaCl precipitation related to efflorescence. Due to the seasonally humid tropical climate, the chemical weathering processes are intense, thus forming alkaline soils that are hindering the development of mangrove vegetation. The geomorphology of the area results from intense evaporation combined with an influx of brackish groundwater, due to which a landscape has evolved in the marine–coastal strips, of seasonal tropical climates, that exhibit saline beaches, known as a littoral shott. In total, 24 karstic microdolines have evolved within the shott, of which six represent domical geoforms formed by gradual evaporitic precipitation, while seven other geoforms represent active karstic sinkholes filled with brackish water. These results are key for understanding the past and present climate interactions and conditions that have led to the formation of tropical karst environments.

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Section: Landforms and Processes Within The Ciénega De El Manglementioning

confidence: 96%

Past and Present Drivers of Karst Formation of Ciénega de El Mangle, Panama

Rivera-Solís,

Quesada-Román,

Domazetović

2023

Quaternary

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“…The decay in vegetation indices has been used to identify mangrove degradation and abrupt changes, including mangrove die-back events, clearcutting, fire damage. and logging; as well as to track mangrove regeneration (Lovelock et al, 2017;Santana, 2018;Murray et al, 2020;Acuña-Piedra and Quesada-Román, 2021;Aljahdali et al, 2021;Lee et al, 2021;Veas-Ayala et al, 2023). However, it is important to consider that changes observed in the vegetation indices can also be influenced by data artifacts (Akbar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Criterion D: Disruption Of Biotic Processes or Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Mangroves of the Tropical East Pacific

Montes-Chaura,

Rangel-Ch,

Caicedo-García

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mangroves of the Tropical East Pacific (TEP) province is a regional ecosystem subgroup (Level 4 unit of the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology), present in the coastal ecoregions of the Mexican Tropical Pacific, Chiapas-Nicaragua, Nicoya, Panama Bight, and Guayaquil. In 2020, mangroves cover 7782 km2 in the province, representing 5.3% of the global coverage. In the province, there are eight true mangrove species; however, regional experts recognize other related plants classified as associated plants. The IUCN Red List includes 224 species (217 Animalia and seven Plantae species), supported by records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF. It is estimated that the mangroves of the TEP showed a net change of -1.9% from 1996 to 2020; under this trend, a decrease of 3.3% is projected in 50 years, which is below 30%, classifying criterion A2 as least concern. However, based on indicative figures, a decrease of around 40% was estimated in the last 50 years (1970-2020); which as this exceeds 30%, the mangroves are vulnerable under Criterion A1. Although threats such as deforestation, human activities, pollution, infrastructure development, modification of natural systems, and invasion of exotic species are reported, none promote total disappearance; therefore, criteria B3 is classified as least concern. In a sea-level rise scenario (IPCC RCP8.5), ≈ 9.8% of the TEP mangroves would be submerged by 2060, which is below the 30% risk threshold for criterion C2. Furthermore, 1.5% of the province's mangrove is suffering degradation, with the potential to increase to 4.5% over 50-year period; this ranks the mangroves as least concern under criterion D2b. Overall, the Tropical East Pacific mangrove ecosystem was assessed as Vulnerable (VU) with the available information. It is considered that there is insufficient data to assess the other criteria, therefore, it is recommended to update the data to increase the precision of the evaluation and enable the quantitative analysis of risks.

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“…The colonization stability ranks ranged from 1 to 5, where higher colonization stability ranks corresponded to higher adaptive capacity (Table 3). Finally, the adaptive capacity was calculated based on the growth trend and colonization stability using Equation (7). The value of adaptive capacity ranged from 1 to 15, with higher values indicating greater adaptive capacity of the MFs.…”

Section: Calculating Adaptive Capacity Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…adaptive capacity ij = growth trend ij × colonization stability ij (7) where adaptive capacity ij , growth trend ij , and colonization stability ij are pixel values in the i-th row and j-th column of their corresponding raster.…”

Section: Calculating Adaptive Capacity Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite Data Reveal Concerns Regarding Mangrove Restoration Efforts in Southern China

Fan,

Hou,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Mangrove restoration projects are often evaluated based on the increase in mangrove forest (MF) area, but the reliability of this indicator as a measure of successful restoration is questionable. Considering both numerical and quality dimensions, this study assessed mangrove restoration efforts in the Leizhou Peninsula and Beibu Gulf (LP-BG) in China. The hypothesis was that due to the limited social capital investment in mangrove restoration, there exist hierarchical differences in the urgency of mangrove restoration. Time-series Landsat imagery from the Google Earth Engine platform was used to analyze the MF distribution from 2000 to 2020. A resilience indicator, incorporating resistance and adaptive capacity, was constructed to assess MF quality within identified mangrove boundaries. The results revealed an increase in MF area from 6655.87 ha in 2000 to 14,607.93 ha in 2020. However, the majority (79.6%) of MF patches exhibited low resilience (values < 3), with only a minority (51 patches) demonstrating high resilience. Interestingly, MFs within the mangrove reserve displayed higher resilience, but these areas did not exhibit a significant spatial expansion of MFs. These findings highlight the limitation of relying solely on the net growth in the MF area as an indicator of successful restoration. Instead, an ecologically optimal solution is recommended, focusing on expanding conservation boundaries to include remnant MFs outside protected areas, rather than creating new planting areas. This study provides an assessment framework to evaluate the efficiency of mangrove restoration efforts and offers insights for local decision makers to guide future restoration endeavors.

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Costa Rican wetlands vulnerability index

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Past and Present Drivers of Karst Formation of Ciénega de El Mangle, Panama

Past and Present Drivers of Karst Formation of Ciénega de El Mangle, Panama

IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Mangroves of the Tropical East Pacific

Satellite Data Reveal Concerns Regarding Mangrove Restoration Efforts in Southern China

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