Costs and benefits of allegiance: Changes in fans' self-ascribed competencies after team victory versus defeat.

Hirt, Edward R.; Zillmann, Dolf; Erickson, Grant A.; Kennedy, Chris

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.5.724

Cited by 351 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Furthermore, primary studies ought to threaten (or enhance) the individual and collective self on comparable dimensions. We excluded studies that threatened or enhanced the individual and collective self on disparate dimensions (Hirt, Zillman, Erickson, & Kennedy, 1992; H. J. Smith, Spears, & Oyen, 1994), because such studies confounded target of feedback (individual vs. collective self) with dimension of feedback.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The "I," the "we," and the "when": A meta-analysis of motivational primacy in self-definition.

Gaertner¹,

Sedikides²,

Vevea³

et al. 2002

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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What is the primary motivational basis of self-definition? The authors meta-analytically assessed 3 hypotheses: (a) The individual self is motivationally primary, (b) the collective self is motivationally primary, and (c) neither self is inherently primary; instead, motivational primacy depends on which self becomes accessible through contextual features. Results identified the individual self as the primary motivational basis of self-definition. People react more strongly to threat and enhancement of the individual than the collective self. Additionally, people more readily deny threatening information and more readily accept enhancing information when it pertains to the individual rather than the collective self, regardless of contextual influences. The individual self is the psychological home base, a stable system that can react flexibly to contextual influences.The right of nature . . . is the liberty each man hath to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life.-Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.-Nathan Hale, spoken at his deathThe self is in a continual process of construction, it cannot be adequately made up excepting in terms of the content which it supplies for the situation in which the agent has to act. -John Dewey, Lectures on Psychological and Political EthicsThis article is concerned with a fundamental issue in psychology, education, social sciences, and humanities: Does the self-concept have a motivational hierarchy? Do all selves (i.e., self-definitions) have equal motivational potential? Which selfdefinition is motivationally primary?We distinguish among three theoretical approaches to the issue. The first approach, one example of which is Hobbes's statement, posits that the individual self is motivationally primary. The second approach, exemplified by Hale's proclamation, maintains that the collective self is motivationally primary. The third approach advocates that neither self is inherently primary. Instead, the self that is more accessible through situational or contextual influences is motivationally primary-a proposition that is in spirit with Dewey's thinking.We articulate the three theoretical approaches and review relevant research. We argue that, when considered alone, each approach appears to be supported. However, independent tests, per se, tell only part of the story. Comparative tests provide a more refined solution to the problem. We report a meta-analysis of empirical studies relevant to the issue of relative motivational status.

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Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The "I," the "we," and the "when": A meta-analysis of motivational primacy in self-definition.

Gaertner¹,

Sedikides²,

Vevea³

et al. 2002

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, sport wins are generally associated with improvements in mood and self-esteem (Hirt et al 1992). Instead, sport losses are followed by an increase in heart attacks, crimes and suicides (White 1989;Trovato 1998;Wann 2001;Carroll et al 2002;Berthier and Boulay 2003;Chi and Kloner 2003).…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event Clustering and Abnormal Returns: Reassessing the Informational Value of Bets

Castellani¹,

Pattitoni

Patuelli

2012

SSRN Journal

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“…Researchers have shown sport fans share an intimate relationship with their team such that fans, particularly those high in identification, internalize team 29 successes and failures as their own (Cialdini et al, 1976;Hirt et al, 1992;Kwon et al, 2008;Wann & Branscombe, 1990). As is the nature of sporting competitions however, there can only be one winner.…”

Section: Successlfailure Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depictions of sport fans offered by McPherson (1975), Smith (1988), Hirt et al (1992), and Wann e:t al. (2001) are critical in that they speak to the notion that fandom extends beyond observable consumptive behaviors.…”

Section: Toward An Understanding Of the Sport Fan Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

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Fan-family conflict : an examination of inter-role conflict between sport fan and family roles.

Simmons¹

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Costs and benefits of allegiance: Changes in fans' self-ascribed competencies after team victory versus defeat.

Cited by 351 publications

References 49 publications

The "I," the "we," and the "when": A meta-analysis of motivational primacy in self-definition.

The "I," the "we," and the "when": A meta-analysis of motivational primacy in self-definition.

Event Clustering and Abnormal Returns: Reassessing the Informational Value of Bets

Fan-family conflict : an examination of inter-role conflict between sport fan and family roles.

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