Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon

Götschi, Thomas

doi:10.1123/jpah.8.s1.s49

Cited by 105 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…None of the studies controlled for any possible substitution effect of a potential uptake in utilitarian physical activity on leisure time physical activity, probably due to a lack of rigorous evidence of any potential effect (44).…”

Section: Measurement Of Effectiveness (Cheers Item 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies estimated indicative diversion rates from intercept surveys or user counts of similar active transport infrastructure (54,61). Three studies based estimates of effect on values from the literature (35,41,65) and four studies assumed estimates of effect (26,42,44,60). Five studies used demand forecasting or simulation modelling (34,36,37,48,58) and two studies applied regression analysis based on built environment attributes to estimate demand for active travel (45,53).…”

Section: Measurement Of Effectiveness (Cheers Item 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven studies included both mortality and morbidity related outcomes associated with an increase in physical activity (35,(42)(43)(44)54 In the cost utility studies QALYs gained (35) or DALYs averted (64-67) are both measures that include mortality and morbidity outcomes. Two methodologies for inclusion of health outcomes were identified: the Assessing Cost Effectiveness (ACE) approach (64,66,67) and the PREVENT model (65).…”

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The context and relevance of the studies also differed between peer-reviewed and grey literature (CHEERS item 3). Generally, peer-reviewed studies presented a case for the inclusion of health outcomes of transport interventions or assessed changes in population health attributable to active transport and were undertaken to build the evidence for the inclusion of physical activity related health effects into transport appraisal (27,35,40,44,45,48,51,53,58,62,(64)(65)(66)(67). Studies from the grey literature and reference list searches were mostly reports developed by government or non-government organisations, with several of the economic evaluations being undertaken as supporting case -studies or as part of broader guiding documents (34, 37-39, 42, 46, 49, 50, 54-57, 59, 60, 63).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits

et al. 2016

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Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes for the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases worldwide and there is a need for more evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions that aim to increase physical activity at the population level. This study aimed to update a systematic review published in 2008 by searching peer-reviewed and unpublished literature of economic evaluations of transport interventions that incorporate the health related effects of physical activity. Our analysis of methods for the inclusion of physical activity related health effects into transport appraisal over time demonstrates that methodological progress has been made. Thirtysix studies were included, reflecting an increasing recognition of the importance of incorporating these health effects into transport appraisal. However, significant methodological challenges in the incorporation of wider health benefits into transport appraisal still e xist. The inclusion of physical activity related health effects is currently limited by paucity of evidence on morbidity effects and of more rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of interventions. Significant scope exists for better quality and more transparent reporting. A more consistent approach to the inclusion of benefits and disbenefits would reinforce the synergies between the health, environmental, transport and other sectors. From a transport sector perspective the inclusion of physical activi ty related health benefits positively impacts cost effectiveness, with the potential to contribute to a more efficient allocation of scarce resources based on a more comprehensive range of merits. From a public health perspective the inclusion of physical activity related health benefits may result in the funding of more interventions that promote active transport, with the potential to improve population levels of physical activity and to reduce prevalence of physical activity related diseases. KeywordsActive transport, economic evaluation, physical activity IntroductionPhysical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide (1) and is one of the main contributors to the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Physical inactivity increases the risk of many adverse health conditions, including obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, breast and colon cancer, diabetes, dementia and depression (2-4). Rates of physical inactivity are high worldwide, with technological progress meaning that we now spend less energy in our everyday lives than our predecessors (5, 6). Coupled with the fact that we also have more access to energy dense foods, this constitutes increasingly obesogenic environments requiring ecological solutions (7-9). In order to 2 address the observed low levels of physical activity across populations, it is widely recognised that the incorporation of more incidental physical activity into everyday life is required through environmental, social, cultural and behavioural approaches (10).Active forms of transport, such as...

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Section: Measurement Of Effectiveness (Cheers Item 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Effectiveness (Cheers Item 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits

et al. 2016

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“…Typical health impacts models that were used to assess the impact of these physically active transport activities are based on hypothetical scenarios with mostly linear correlation assumption on changes in the amount of active travel and the health gains (e.g. [12,13]). Systematic reviews on the impacts of physically active travel modes to the travellers' health conditions can be seen at Mueller et al [9] and Wanner et al [14], for example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationships between individual’s time use and activity participations with their health indicators

Susilo

Liu

2017

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Valuing Public Investments to Support Bicycling

Götschi

Hintermann

2014

Swiss J Economics Statistics

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Summary We develop a framework for assessing the net benefits of investments to promote bicycling, which explicitly accounts for internal costs of bicycling. We apply our model to eight Swiss cities using data from the Swiss national travel survey and find that increasing the level of bicycling by reducing internal costs leads to inframarginal benefits that exceed the net benefits from the additional bicycling. We further find that Swiss cyclists only partially internalize health benefits, which affects the benefits from infrastructure investments but also implies that there is scope for “soft” measures that would inform users about health benefits of bicycling.

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Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon

Cited by 105 publications

References 22 publications

A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits

A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits

Examining the relationships between individual’s time use and activity participations with their health indicators

Valuing Public Investments to Support Bicycling

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