Costs of Chronic Waterborne Zinc Exposure and the Consequences of Zinc Acclimation on the Gill/Zinc Interactions of Rainbow Trout in Hard and Soft Water

Alsop, Derek; McGeer, James C.; McDonald, D. Gordon; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1014:cocwze>2.3.co;2

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This means that Cd transport from the peripheral compartment to the central compartment, from which it can be eliminated, is seven times less efficient than the transport from the central to the peripheral compartment, illustrating the importance of h. This transport includes the uptake across the mucosal cells of the digestive tract and binding to transport proteins. This might have a masking effect on the real Zn elimination occurring, as has been previously reported by other authors [30,31]. For Zn, it has been demonstrated that common carp contain extraordinary high Zn concentrations in the digestive tract.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

A kinetic model for the relative contribution of waterborne and dietary cadmium and zinc in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Campenhout

Bervoets

Redeker

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In this work, the uptake and whole-body accumulation of Cd and Zn by the common carp from water, diet, and a combination of both was studied using the radioactive tracers 09Cd and 65Zn. A three-compartment pharmacokinetic model was constructed and revealed metal- and exposure route-dependent accumulation profiles. Under the tested exposure conditions in water (0.1 microM Cd and 1 microM Zn), only 0.1 and 0.07%, respectively, of the total Cd and Zn load that passed the branchial surfaces was accumulated by the carp. In contrast, the carp accumulated 20 and 29% of the total ingested Cd and Zn load (mean concentrations in food of newly accumulated metals were 2.24 +/- 0.29 and 19.91 +/- 2.89 nmol/g wet weight, respectively). However, the contribution of the waterborne metals to the whole-body metal accumulation was higher than the metal uptake from food. The constructed model was used to simulate the effect of variable assimilation efficiency (AE) values on the relative importance of dietary Cd and Zn exposure to the overall metal accumulation in common carp. This simulation was performed under a realistic exposure scenario and with Cd and Zn AE values ranging from 5 to 95%. Dissolved Zn levels were higher and Cd levels lower compared to the laboratory experiments. Levels in the midge larvae were much higher. The results show that under these conditions, even at the lowest Cd and Zn AEs, almost 40% of the total body Cd and Zn concentrations originated from dietary Cd and Zn exposure. Taking into account the Cd and Zn AE of the laboratory experiments, respectively, 31 and 55%, more than 85% of the total body Cd and Zn was taken up from the food.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

A kinetic model for the relative contribution of waterborne and dietary cadmium and zinc in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Campenhout

Bervoets

Redeker

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…At an individual level, increased respiration rate can increase exposure to aqueous metals via the gills (38), but rapid respiration is not consistently associated with rapid growth of fish (37). Across our study sites, salmon growth was potentially spatially confounded with aqueous exposure because sites with low prey biomass and low fish growth also had relatively low pH and alkalinity (Table S1) – water quality factors associated with increased aqueous metal bioavailability and accumulation (39). However, adding pH or alkalinity as predictors did not explain significant additional variation concentration of any of the trace elements in our analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Trace Element Concentrations in Fast-Growing Juvenile Atlantic Salmon in Natural Streams

Ward

Nislow

Chen

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To assess the effect of rapid individual growth on trace element concentrations in fish, we measured concentrations of seven trace elements (As, Cd, Cs, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn) in stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from 15 sites encompassing a 10-fold range in salmon growth. All salmon were hatched under uniform conditions, released into streams, and sampled ~120 days later for trace element analysis. For most elements, element concentrations in salmon tracked those in their prey. Fast-growing salmon had lower concentrations of all elements than slow-growers, after accounting for prey concentrations. This pattern held for essential and non-essential elements, as well as elements that accumulate from food and those that can accumulate from water. At the sites with the fastest salmon growth, trace element concentrations in salmon were 37% (Cs) to 86% (Pb) lower than at sites where growth was suppressed. Given that concentrations were generally below levels harmful to salmon and that the pattern was consistent across all elements, we suggest that dilution of elements in larger biomass led to lower concentrations in fast-growing fish. Streams that foster rapid, efficient fish growth may produce fish with lower concentrations of elements potentially toxic for human and wildlife consumers.

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“…Shukla and Pandey (2006) reported that a significant decrease in growth of fingerlings of a freshwater Murrel, C. punctatus (Bloch), occurred by 7% to 8% when exposed to zinc sulfate at 12 mg/L for 31 days at daily feeding as compared to the untreated control fishes. Alsop et al (1998) reported that zinc exposure for 30 days to juvenile rainbow trout in both moderately hard waters (hardness= 120 mg CaCO 3 /L, pH=8.0, Zn=0.15 or 0.45 mg/L) and soft waters (hardness=20 mg CaCO 3 /L, pH=7.2, Zn=0.05 or 0.12 mg/L) caused no effect on growth rate, though growth affected tissue zinc levels. They also reported that only the 0.45 mg/L zinc-exposed fish experienced significant mortality (24% in the first 2 days).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To develop water quality criteria for protection of aquatic ecosystems from excessive levels of zinc, a number of laboratory-performed acute toxicity bioassays have been conducted from which safe levels are derived. Various studies reported that sublethal concentrations of zinc over a long-term exposure had an inhibiting effect on the growth of guppies, Poecilia reticulates Goodnight 1962, 1963), fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (Brungs 1969), minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (Bengtsson 1974), rainbow trout (Watson and McKeown 1976;Alsop et al 1998), and freshwater Murrel, Channa punctatus (Shukla and Pandey 2006). These results indicate that growth provides a sensitive measure for the effects of sub lethal concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of Waterborne Zinc on Survival, Growth, and Feed Intake of Indian Major Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

Mohanty

Adhikari

Mohanty

et al. 2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The effect of waterborne zinc on survival, growth, and feed intake of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton), advanced fry was studied under laboratory condition. Survival rates of C. mrigala advanced fry (2.71±0.49 g) after 30 days exposure to control (0.01), 0.03, 0.06, 0.10, and 0.15 mg/L zinc using the static renewal method in freshwater at pH 7.3±0.2, temperature 26±2°C, and total hardness 114±16 mg/L as CaCO 3 were 100%. Growth of the fish exposed to 0.10 and 0.15 mg/L of zinc was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in control (0.01), 0.03, and 0.06 mg/L of zinc after 30 days of exposure. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in fish growth between 0.03 and 0.06 mg/L zinc concentrations. Feed intake rates were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the fish exposed to 0.10 mg/L and higher levels of zinc. The zinc accumulation in the whole body of the fish increased with increasing concentrations of the metal.

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Costs of Chronic Waterborne Zinc Exposure and the Consequences of Zinc Acclimation on the Gill/Zinc Interactions of Rainbow Trout in Hard and Soft Water

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

A kinetic model for the relative contribution of waterborne and dietary cadmium and zinc in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A kinetic model for the relative contribution of waterborne and dietary cadmium and zinc in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Reduced Trace Element Concentrations in Fast-Growing Juvenile Atlantic Salmon in Natural Streams

Effect of Waterborne Zinc on Survival, Growth, and Feed Intake of Indian Major Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

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