Costs of Diabetes Mellitus (CoDiM) in Germany, Direct Per-capita Costs of Managing Hyperglycaemia and Diabetes Complications in 2010 Compared to 2001

Köster, Ingrid; Huppertz, E.; Hauner, Hans; Schubert, Ingrid

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1375675

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Costs of Diabetes Mellitus (CoDiM) study, the largest claims data-based study, indicated that in 2010 direct medical costs for patients with and without diabetes were €5084 and €2693, respectively. 36 Whereas the absolute mean costs in our study were substantially lower (€3352 vs €1849), the cost ratio between patients with and without diabetes was quite comparable to that of the CoDiM study (1.8 in this study vs 1.9 in CoDiM). Several reasons might have contributed to these differences in total mean costs for diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The former finding confirms results from previous studies which also found that inpatient care and medication were the biggest cost drivers. 7 12 13 39 The latter finding is also supported by data from the CoDiM study which provided a cost ratio of about 3.1 for patients with diabetes with stroke and about 2.6 for patients with myocardial infarction compared with those without diabetes, 36 indicating that a large share of the costs for diabetes is attributable to the treatment of diabetes-related complications. 20 24 We also observed that the type of treatment had a strong effect on direct costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Cost burden of type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from the population-based KORA studies

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveTo examine the impact of type 2 diabetes on direct and indirect costs and to describe the effect of relevant diabetes-related factors, such as type of treatment or glycaemic control on direct costs.DesignBottom-up excess cost analysis from a societal perspective based on population-based survey data.Participants9160 observations from 6803 individuals aged 31–96 years (9.6% with type 2 diabetes) from the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) studies in Southern Germany.Outcome measuresHealthcare usage, productivity losses, and resulting direct and indirect costs.MethodsInformation on diabetes status, biomedical/sociodemographic variables, medical history and on healthcare usage and productivity losses was assessed in standardised interviews and examinations. Healthcare usage and productivity losses were costed with reference to unit prices and excess costs of type 2 diabetes were calculated using generalised linear models.ResultsIndividuals with type 2 diabetes had 1.81 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.11) times higher direct (€3352 vs €1849) and 2.07 (1.51 to 2.84) times higher indirect (€4103 vs €1981) annual costs than those without diabetes. Cardiovascular complications, a long diabetes duration and treatment with insulin were significantly associated with increased direct costs; however, glycaemic control was only weakly insignificantly associated with costs.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the substantial direct and indirect societal cost burden of type 2 diabetes in Germany. Strong effort is needed to optimise care to avoid progression of the disease and costly complications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Cost burden of type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from the population-based KORA studies

et al. 2016

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“…19 Finally, the total cost of antihyperglycemic treatments was lower in this work (€498) than in a study conducted in 2010 (€633). 20 This slight discrepancy between the findings of the 2 studies may be due to annual variations in the cost of antihyperglycemic drugs in Germany but may also be due to the difference in study methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prescription Patterns and the Cost of Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Germany

Jacob

Vultée²,

Kostev³

2016

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Diabetes is a chronic disease which affects around 8.3% of the worldwide population. 1,2 It is estimated that 1 in every 13 persons in Germany has diabetes. 3 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is found in 90% of individuals with diabetes. 4 The current annual German cost associated with T2DM of approximately €11.8 billion in 2010 will exceed €21 billion in 2040, underscoring the major burden of diabetes in this country. 5 Reduction of blood glucose levels in T2DM patients is important since it can prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications. 6-8 If these levels remain high despite the introduction of lifestyle measures such as weight control and physical activity, oral antihyperglycemic medications and insulin treatments can be used in people with T2DM. Several studies have targeted the prescription of antihyperglycemic drugs and the cost of these medications in Germany. 9-10 In 2007, Rathmann and colleagues discovered that there had been a 100% increase in the average cost for antidiabetic medication between 1994 (€86.7) and 2004 (€172.1). 9 More recently, Tamayo et al further found regional and individual social disparities in the cost of overall and newer antihyperglycemic medications unexplained by other confounders. 10 Although these works have shed light on medical and 658746D STXXX10.

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“…29,30 The unadjusted mean total annual treatment costs for diabetes observed in the present study are in line with recent descriptive health economic studies in Germany. 31,32 Based on nationwide data from a large statutory health insurance (AOK PLUS), annual absolute costs were estimated for different subgroups of type 2 diabetes patients stratified by glycemic and blood pressure control and comorbidity. 31 A direct comparison with the present study, which included patients with newly onset insulin treatment, is not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Discontinuation and Related Treatment Costs After Initiation of Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Anderten

Dippel

Kostev³

2015

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Aims:The aim was to compare early discontinuation and related treatment costs in type 2 diabetes in primary care after initiation of insulin glargine or human basal insulin (NPH). Methods: Overall, 2765 glargine and 1554 NPH patients from 1072 general practices were analyzed (Disease Analyser). Early discontinuation was defined as switching to a different basal insulin or another insulin treatment regimen within 90 days after first basal insulin prescription (index date, ID). Treatment costs were assessed 365 days prior and post ID in both groups. Propensity score matching and linear regression was used to adjust cost differences (post vs prior ID: discontinued vs continued patients) for age, sex, diabetes duration, antidiabetic comedication, diabetologist care, disease management program participation, costs before ID, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results: Within 3 months after ID, 13% of glargine patients switched to other insulin treatment regimens (NPH: 18%; P < .05). After propensity score matching, adjusted cost differences in 146 discontinued versus 1342 continued glargine patients were calculated (NPH: 146 vs 1342). Diabetes-related prescription costs were lower among persistent glargine patients compared to persistent NPH patients ; P = .0109). Mean cost difference for diabetes-related prescriptions was lower among those who persisted on glargine compared to those who switched to other treatment regimens , P = .0780). Conclusions: Treatment persistence within 3 months after basal insulin initiation was significantly higher under insulin glargine compared to NPH. Diabetes-related prescription costs were significantly lower among patients who adhered to insulin glargine compared to persistent NPH patients.

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Costs of Diabetes Mellitus (CoDiM) in Germany, Direct Per-capita Costs of Managing Hyperglycaemia and Diabetes Complications in 2010 Compared to 2001

Abstract: Cost for diabetes is largely caused by management of complications. It is important to prevent complications by consequent management of diabetes as well as by primary prevention of its onset.

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Cost burden of type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from the population-based KORA studies

Cost burden of type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from the population-based KORA studies

Prescription Patterns and the Cost of Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Germany

Early Discontinuation and Related Treatment Costs After Initiation of Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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