Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in the U.S., 2019 and 2020

Miller, Gabrielle F.; Barnett, Sarah Beth L.; Florence, Curtis S.; McDavid Harrison, Kathleen; Dahlberg, Linda L.; Mercy, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.026

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ultimately, the annual societal cost of nonfatal rearm assaults across the country is estimated at $8.89 billion [7]. These challenges can last years to a lifetime and impact entire families and communities, especially given the decades of disinvestment and policy decisions that have driven gun violence to cluster in racially segregated and economically disadvantaged neighborhoods [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: An Analysis of Costs and Key Components

O'Toole,

Schnippel,

Larson

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Firearm assaults contribute to nearly 18,000 deaths and at least twice as many injuries annually, with immense human and financial costs. Gun violence survivors especially face unique and long-term physical, mental, economic, and safety-related challenges. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) connect survivors with violence prevention professionals at their hospital bedsides, then provide them with wraparound services in the months to come. Promising research shows that HVIPs reduce risks of reinjury, retaliation, and recidivism. This report provides a cost analysis of HVIPs, to inform researchers and implementers of the budget and key resources necessary for the first three years of implementation. Researchers employ an ingredients-based costing approach and base-case assumptions for a hospital-linked HVIP situated in a mid-sized city emergency department, serving 100 participants annually. Results indicate that this base-case HVIP costs an estimated $1.1 million annually, or just under $10,800 per participant. Staffing accounts for the majority of HVIP budgets, followed by operations, crisis support, and finally transportation. Upfront costs are limited to technical assistance, first-time equipment, and accreditation courses, leaving annual costs relatively stable across the first three years of implementation. A customizable workbook is provided, through which users can adjust this study’s assumptions to reflect their own program’s specifications, which may vary. This research can inform future cost, benefit, and savings analyses, and empower more communities to implement lifesaving HVIPs.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: An Analysis of Costs and Key Components

O'Toole,

Schnippel,

Larson

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Firearm and Motor Vehicle Pediatric Deaths—Intersections of Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity

Lee,

Tang,

Cull

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceInjuries from firearms and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading causes of death among US children and youths aged 0 to 19 years. Examining the intersections of age group, sex, race, and ethnicity is essential to focus prevention efforts.ObjectiveTo examine firearm and motor vehicle fatality rates by population subgroups and analyze changes over time.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study of firearm and MVC fatalities among US children and youths aged 0 to 19 years from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web-Based Injury Statistics and Query Reporting System from 2011 to 2021. Participants included American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian, Hawaiian Native, and Pacific Islander; Black; Hispanic; and White youths. Data analysis was conducted from July 2023 to May 2024.ExposureFirearm or MVC fatality.Main Outcome MeasuresFirearm and MVC fatality rates by year and over time, as measured by the Joinpoint regression annual percent change (APC).ResultsFrom 2011 to 2021 there were 35 684 firearm and 40 735 MVC fatalities among US youths aged 0 to 19 years. For firearm fatalities, there were 21 332 homicides (59.8%), 12 113 suicides (33.9%), 1359 unintentional shootings (3.8%), 277 by legal enforcement (0.8%), and 603 from unknown intents (1.6%). When considering the intersections of age group, sex, race, and ethnicity, for firearm homicides among youths aged 15 to 19 years, the APCs were similar for Black (21.8%) and Hispanic (22.2%) males from 2018 to 2021, although with different peak rates (104.22 per 100 000 individuals and 17.80 per 100 000 individuals, respectively, in 2021). Black females aged 15 to 19 years demonstrated a dramatic APC increase of 40.7% from 2019 to 2021 (peak rate, 14.07 per 100 000 individuals). For firearm suicide in youths aged 10 to 19 years by sex, Black females had the greatest APC increase of 22.0% from 2016 to 2021. For MVC fatalities, the highest APC increase of 24.9% occurred among American Indian and Alaska Native females aged 15 to 19 years from 2018 to 2021. The highest MVC fatality rates occurred in 2021 among American Indian and Alaska Native males (38.16 per 100 000 individuals) and females (29.31 per 100 000 individuals) aged 15 to 19 years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, US youths aged 0 to 19 years experienced important disparities in firearm and MVC fatality rates and increases over time when considering the intersectionality by age group, sex, race, and ethnicity. These findings suggest that a multipronged strategy focused on individual, community, and policy level approaches for specific high-risk groups for each injury mechanism is necessary to address these leading causes of death in US youths.

show abstract

Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021

Bhagavathula,

Price,

Khubchandani

2024

J Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Firearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S. working-age adults from 2000 to 2021. A retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (NEISS-FISS) was conducted with a focus on non-fatal firearm injuries reported in emergency departments across a nationally representative sample of hospitals. Descriptive statistics were used to explore disparities across different demographic groups. Trends were assessed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) and Joinpoint regression analysis. Between 2000 and 2021, an estimated 2.36 million non-fatal firearm injuries occurred, with males accounting for 85.7% and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) representing 48.8% of injuries. Firearm injuries were commonly associated with crime (29.8%), physical fights (24.7%), alcohol/substance use (17.7%), and verbal arguments (17.2%). Most incidents occurred on weekdays (63.7%) and assaults were the most prevalent intent (68.5%), followed by unintentional injuries (21.9%). Handguns (25.1%) and unspecified firearm types (61.2%) were the most commonly involved weapons. From 2000 to 2021, significant increases in firearm injuries were observed among those aged 26–45 years (23.0%), women (21.97%), NHB (42.15%), and those involving assaults (231.9%). Age-specific trends showed a significant annual percentage change (APC) increase of 4.9% for 18–25 years, 12.4% for 26–45 years, and 7.0% for 46–64 years from 2013 to 2021. Racial/ethnic trends revealed a significant APC increase of 5.0% for Non-Hispanic Whites (2014–2021), 25.0% for NHB (2015–2021), and a decrease of -31.3% followed by an increase of 15.6% for Hispanics (2012–2021). The disproportionate burden of firearm injuries among different age and racial/ethnic groups highlights the need for targeted prevention strategies and ongoing monitoring of injuries.

show abstract

Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in the U.S., 2019 and 2020

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: An Analysis of Costs and Key Components

Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: An Analysis of Costs and Key Components

Firearm and Motor Vehicle Pediatric Deaths—Intersections of Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity

Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About