Costs of raccoon rabies incidents in cattle herds in Hampshire County, West Virginia, and Guernsey County, Ohio

Chipman, Richard B.; Cozzens, Tyler W.; Shwiff, Stephanie A.; Biswas, Rita; Plumley, Jewell; O'Quin, Jeanette; Algeo, Timothy P.; Rupprecht, Charles E.; Slate, Dennis

doi:10.2460/javma.243.11.1561

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Regardless of the strategy used, all successful options will stress economic viability for the protection of human and animal health, a reality that cannot be ignored, even in a theoretical discussion [143, 144]. Kemere et al [145] estimated that the maintenance of a large scale ORV barrier to prevent the westward spread of raccoon rabies was economically beneficial in every cost and spread scenario considered.…”

Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

et al. 2017

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Rabies is an ancient viral disease that significantly impacts human and animal health throughout the world. In the developing parts of the world, dog bites represent the highest risk of rabies infection to people, livestock, and other animals. However, in North America, where several rabies virus variants currently circulate in wildlife, human contact with the raccoon rabies variant leads to the highest per capita population administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Previous rabies variant elimination in raccoons (Canada), foxes (Europe), and dogs and coyotes (United States) demonstrates that elimination of the raccoon variant from the eastern US is feasible, given an understanding of rabies control costs and benefits and the availability of proper tools. Also critical is a cooperatively produced strategic plan that emphasizes collaborative rabies management among agencies and organizations at the landscape scale. Common management strategies, alone or as part of an integrated approach, include the following: oral rabies vaccination (ORV), trap-vaccinate-release (TVR), and local population reduction. As a complement, mathematical and statistical modeling approaches can guide intervention planning, such as through contact networks, circuit theory, individual-based modeling, and others, which can be used to better understand and predict rabies dynamics through simulated interactions among the host, virus, environment, and control strategy. Strategies derived from this ecological lens can then be optimized to produce a management plan that balances the ecological needs and program financial resources. This paper discusses the management and modeling strategies that are currently used, or have been used in the past, and provides a platform of options for consideration while developing raccoon rabies virus elimination strategies in the US.

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Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

et al. 2017

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“…The remaining 85 cattle were euthanised once the dead cattle tested positive for rabies, in order to prevent the spread of the virus. In addition, ten people were evaluated for possible exposure to rabies following the event, and all ten received rabies PEP, resulting in an estimated total cost of US$ 103,985 for this single event (30). In a separate event in Guernsey, Ohio, another 64 calves were euthanised following a confirmed death from raccoon rabies in the herd, and six humans received PEP following the incident.…”

Section: Raccoonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost–benefit analysis of controlling rabies: placing economics at the heart of rabies control to focus political will

Shwiff¹,

Elser²,

Ernst³

et al. 2018

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Rabies is an economically important zoonosis. This paper describes the extent of the economic impacts of the disease and some of the types of economic analyses used to understand those impacts, as well as the trade-offs between efforts to manage rabies and efforts to eliminate it. In many cases, the elimination of rabies proves more cost-effective over time than the continual administration of postexposure prophylaxis, animal testing and animal vaccination. Economic analyses are used to inform and drive policy decisions and focus political will, placing economics at the heart of rabies control.

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“…Nationally, the cost of rabies prophylaxis, treatment and control programs, including domestic animals and wildlife, is estimated to be between $250 and $500 million dollars annually ( Meltzer & Rupprecht, 1998 ). Additionally, rabies virus infection in agricultural settings can be costly for animal producers ( Chipman et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal analysis of raccoon rabies in West Virginia, 2000–2015: a preliminary investigation

Plants

Wen

Wimsatt

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Animal borne rabies virus is a source of infection in humans, and raccoons (Procyon lotor) are the primary terrestrial reservoir in West Virginia (WV). To assess the behavior and status of raccoon variant rabies virus (RRV) cases in WV, a longitudinal analysis for the period 2000–2015 was performed, using data provided by the state Bureau of Public Health. The analytic approach used was negative binomial regression, with exclusion of those counties that had not experienced RRV cases in the study period, and with further examination of those counties where oral rabies vaccine (ORV) baits had been distributed as compared with non-ORV counties. These analyses indicated that there had been a reduction in numbers of RRV positive animals over the study period, predominantly due to a decrease in raccoon infections. Non-raccoon hosts did not appear to have a similar decline, however. The rates of decline for the ORV zone were found to be significantly greater as compared to the non-ORV area. The study was limited by the lack of data for season or point location of animal collection, and by lack of surveillance effort data. Even so, this study has implications for the preventive measures currently being implemented, including expanded vaccination effort in domestic animals. Spatial analyses of RRV and further examination of the virus in non-raccoon hosts are warranted.

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Costs of raccoon rabies incidents in cattle herds in Hampshire County, West Virginia, and Guernsey County, Ohio

Abstract: These results should provide a basis for better characterization of the economic impact of wildlife rabies in cattle in the United States.

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

Cost–benefit analysis of controlling rabies: placing economics at the heart of rabies control to focus political will

Longitudinal analysis of raccoon rabies in West Virginia, 2000–2015: a preliminary investigation

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