Costs of repair of wind turbine blades: Influence of technology aspects

Mishnaevsky, Leon; Thomsen, Kenneth

doi:10.1002/we.2552

Cited by 88 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Damage mechanisms of wind turbine blades include surface erosion, debonding and adhesive joint degradation (skin/adhesive debonding, adhesive joint failure, sandwich debonding, delamination, splitting along fibers, cracks in gelcoat) [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Several strategies are used to increase blade durability and prevent the degradation.…”

Section: Reducing the Amount Of Wastes: Service Time Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural repair is carried out by attaching the repair patch/scarf to the parent laminate [ 32 ]. The repair can be carried on site (which can take ~21 h of technicians work and cost of the order of 4800 EUR [ 31 ]), or transported to the factory (which costs much more). Figure 3 shows a photo of on-site repair of wind turbine.…”

Section: Reducing the Amount Of Wastes: Service Time Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Mishnaevsky

2021

Materials

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Various scenarios of end-of-life management of wind turbine blades are reviewed. “Reactive” strategies, designed to deal with already available, ageing turbines, installed in the 2000s, are discussed, among them, maintenance and repair, reuse, refurbishment and recycling. The main results and challenges of “pro-active strategies”, designed to ensure recyclability of new generations of wind turbines, are discussed. Among the main directions, the wind turbine blades with thermoplastic and recyclable thermoset composite matrices, as well as wood, bamboo and natural fiber-based composites were reviewed. It is argued that repair and reuse of wind turbine blades, and extension of the blade life has currently a number of advantages over other approaches. While new recyclable materials have been tested in laboratories, or in some cases on small or medium blades, there are remaining technological challenges for their utilization in large wind turbine blades.

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Section: Reducing the Amount Of Wastes: Service Time Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reducing the Amount Of Wastes: Service Time Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Mishnaevsky

2021

Materials

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“…Therefore, a uniquely conceivable approach to the analysis of wind turbine aging consists of learning from experience, which is feasible because a vast number of industrial wind turbines of different sizes and technologies are reaching the end-of-life expectancy. For example, in [19], it was reported that in 2020, 28% of wind turbines installed in Europe were older than 15 years of age, with peaks in the order of 50% in Spain, Germany, and Denmark.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Performance Aging of the Vestas V52 Wind Turbine through Comparative Test Case Analysis

Astolfi¹,

Byrne²,

Castellani³

2021

Energies

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It is a common sense expectation that the efficiency of wind turbines should decline with age, similarly to what happens with most technical systems. Due to the complexity of this kind of machine and the environmental conditions to which it is subjected, it is far from obvious how to reliably estimate the impact of aging. In this work, the aging of five Vestas V52 wind turbines is analyzed. The test cases belong to two different sites: one is at the Dundalk Institute of Technology in Ireland, and four are sited in an industrial wind farm in a mountainous area in Italy. Innovative data analysis techniques are employed: the general idea consists of considering appropriate operation curves depending on the working control region of the wind turbines. When the wind turbine operates at fixed pitch and variable rotational speed, the generator speed-power curve is studied; for higher wind speed, when the rotational speed has saturated and the blade pitch is variable, the blade pitch-power curve is considered. The operation curves of interest are studied through the binning method and through a support vector regression with a Gaussian kernel. The wind turbine test cases are analyzed vertically (each in its own history) and horizontally, by comparing the behavior at the two sites for the given wind turbine age. The main result of this study is that an evident effect of aging is the worsening of generator efficiency: progressively, less power is extracted for the given generator rotational speed. Nevertheless, this effect is observed to be lower for the wind turbines in Italy (order of −1.5% at 12 years of age with respect to seven years of age) with respect to the Dundalk wind turbine, which shows a sharp decline at 12 years of age (−8.8%). One wind turbine sited in Italy underwent a generator replacement in 2018: through the use of the same kind of data analysis methods, it was possible to observe that an average performance recovery of the order of 2% occurs after the component replacement. It also arises that for all the test cases, a slight aging effect is visible for higher wind speed, which can likely be interpreted as due to declining gearbox efficiency. In general, it is confirmed that the aging of wind turbines is strongly dependent on the history of each machine, and it is likely confirmed that the technology development mitigates the effect of aging.

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“…The range of Capex for reblading shown in the literature is quite wide, possibly due to the different blade lengths assumed (30-80 m) or to differences in aerodynamic profile design. The figures found in the literature include €129/kW [16] and £178,920 per wind turbine [57] (which works out to €233/kW at the exchange rate on August 2020 of 0.9008) and $200,000 [58]. A reasonable average value would be €110-140 K/WTG (personal interview).…”

Section: Life-extension Options: Reblading Gearbox and Electronic Control Unit Retrofittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old Wind Farm Life Extension vs. Full Repowering: A Review of Economic Issues and a Stochastic Application for Spain

Abadie

Goicoechea

2021

Energies

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The installation of wind power technology is growing steadily and the trend can be expected to continue if the objectives proposed by the European Commission are to be achieved. In some countries a considerable percentage of installed wind power capacity is near the end of its useful lifetime. In the case of Spain, the figure is 50% within five years. Over the last 20 years, wind energy technology has evolved considerably and the expected capacity factor has improved, thus increasing annual energy production, and capital expenditure and operational expenditure have decreased substantially. This paper studies the optimal decision under uncertainty between life extension and full repowering for a generic wind farm installed in the Iberian Peninsula when the future hourly electricity prices and the capacity factor evolve stochastically and seasonally. The results show that in economic terms, full repowering is the best option, with a net present value of €702,093 per MW installed, while reblading is the second best option. The methodology can be transferred to other specific wind farms in different electricity markets and can be used to develop national wind energy policy recommendations to achieve projected shares in the electricity mix.

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Costs of repair of wind turbine blades: Influence of technology aspects

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Estimation of the Performance Aging of the Vestas V52 Wind Turbine through Comparative Test Case Analysis

Old Wind Farm Life Extension vs. Full Repowering: A Review of Economic Issues and a Stochastic Application for Spain

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