Cot mattresses and sudden infant death syndrome

Howatson, Allan G.; Patrick, W.; Fell, Gordon S.; Lyon, T. D. B.; Gibson, A. A. M.; Richardson, Barry A.; Mitchell, EA; Scragg, L.; Clements, Mark; Bell, S A; Cole, Mike

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90781-5

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We found concentrations in the liver to be even lower (although of the same magnitude) than the values found in previous studies by Taylor et al (infants dying from SIDS, 7.11 ng/g; controls, 0.5),9 Howatson et al (infants dying from SIDS, 6 ng/g; controls, 7),10 and Delves et al (controls, 2 ng/g; range, 0.7–37) 11. Concentrations in the liver were also considerably lower than those reported for adults 15-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Concentrations of antimony in infants dying from SIDS and infants dying from other causes

Cullen

Kiberd²,

Devaney³

et al. 2000

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Objectives-Raised concentrations of antimony have been found in infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The presumed source of this antimony is toxic gases generated from fire retardants that are present in cot mattresses. The aim of this study was to determine the role of antimony in SIDS. Design-Samples of liver, brain, serum, and urine were collected from all patients dying from SIDS and a group of aged matched control infants who had died of other causes. Setting-Nationwide study in Ireland. Subjects-52 infants dying from SIDS and 19 control infants aged > 7 days and < 1 year. Results-The median concentration of antimony in the liver and brain of infants dying of SIDS was < 1 ng/g, with no diVerence detected between the infants dying from SIDS and the control infants. The range of antimony in the serum of infants dying of SIDS was 0.09-0.71 µg/ litre (median, 0.26). Although no diVerence was found between infants dying from SIDS and control infants, SIDS infants were found to have higher concentrations when compared with healthy infants in the 1st year of life, probably as a result of release of antimony into serum after death. Urine antimony concentrations in infants dying from SIDS were < 3.91 ng/mg (corrected for creatinine) and similar to values found both in control infants and healthy infants. Conclusion-There is no evidence to support a causal role for antimony in SIDS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Concentrations of antimony in infants dying from SIDS and infants dying from other causes

Cullen

Kiberd²,

Devaney³

et al. 2000

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…Another study comparing 25 babies dying of SIDS with 25 controls dying of other known causes also failed to find increased antimony in the liver of SIDS cases. Mean liver tissue levels of 6 ng/g and 7 ng/g were found in SIDS and controls respectively 275 …”

Section: Individual Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mean liver tissue levels of 6 ng/g and 7 ng/g were found in SIDS and controls respectively. 275 A survey of antimony levels in house dust, which might be an alternative source ingested by babies, was carried out in four towns in England. 276 Median levels in house dust were surprisingly high (13 ppm) in relation to geological crustal abundance (0.2 ppm), suggesting an unknown, but man-made source.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Sullivan

Barlow²

2001

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) accounts for the largest number of deaths during the first year of life in developed countries. The possible causes of SIDS are numerous and, to date, there is no adequate unifying pathological explanation for SIDS. Epidemiological studies have played a key role in identifying risk factors, knowledge of which has underpinned successful preventive programmes. This review critically assesses information on the main risk factors and causal hypotheses put forward for SIDS, focusing on research published since 1994. The overall picture that emerges from this review is that affected infants are not completely normal in development, but possess some inherent weakness, which may only become obvious when the infant is subjected to stress. Initially there may be some minor impairment or delay in development of respiratory, cardiovascular or neuromuscular function. None of these is likely to be sufficient, in isolation, to cause death and, provided the infant survives the first year of life, may no longer be of any significance. However, when a compromised infant is confronted with one or more stressful situations, several of which are now clearly identified as risk factors, and from which the majority of infants would normally escape, the combination may prove fatal.

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“…5 Since then, the data in the literature have been conflicting, with some authors reporting detectable concentrations of antimony in the liver of infants who died from SIDS compared with controls, 6 while others have been unable to confirm this. 7 Although much debate continues regarding the role of antimony in SIDS, there are no published data on the expected concentration of antimony in either tissue or body fluid samples of infants. This study was undertaken to establish a reference range for antimony for blood and urine in infants under 1 year old.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony in blood and urine of infants.

et al. 1998

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Aim-To establish a reference range for antimony in the serum and urine of infants in the first year of life. Methods-100 infants were selected randomly from the population. Each infant had a single blood and urine sample taken. Antimony was assayed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results-The reference range for antimony in the serum of infants in the first year of life was established as 0.09-0.25 µg/l. The upper 95% centile for urinary antimony, corrected for creatinine, in the same population was 2.6 ng/mg creatinine. There was a very weak correlation between the serum and urine concentrations. Conclusions-This study confirms the presence of low concentrations of antimony in the serum and urine of healthy infants. (J Clin Pathol 1998;51:238-240)

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Cot mattresses and sudden infant death syndrome

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Concentrations of antimony in infants dying from SIDS and infants dying from other causes

Concentrations of antimony in infants dying from SIDS and infants dying from other causes

Review of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Antimony in blood and urine of infants.

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