Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) does not exhibit complementary sex determination (ii) Evidence from laboratory experiments

Niyibigira, Emmanuel I.; Overholt, William A.; Stouthamer, Richard

doi:10.1303/aez.2004.717

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although diploid males were recorded in C. rubecula, no experimental data are available to support the presence of sl-CSD in this solitary species (Stouthamer et al, 1992). Modelling analyses for the field populations shows no evidence for the presence of sl-CSD in two other gregarious species, C. flavipes and C. sesamiae (Niyibigira et al, 2004a), and further laboratory inbreeding experiments have ruled out the presence of sl-CSD in C. flavipes (Niyibigira et al, 2004b). Therefore, our study has, for the first time, confirmed the presence of sl-CSD as a sex-determining mechanism in this large genus of theoretical and practical interest (Michel-Salzat and Whitfield, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Single-locus sex determination in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Zhou

Dorn

2006

Heredity

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The parasitoid Cotesia glomerata usually produces femalebiased sex ratios in the field, which are presumably caused by inbreeding and local mate competition (LMC); yet, sibling mating increases the production of males, leading to the male-biased sex ratio of broods in the laboratory. Previous studies have suggested that the sex allocation strategy of C. glomerata is based on both partial LMC in males and inbreeding avoidance in females. The current study investigated the presence of single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD) as a sex-determining mechanism in this species through inbreeding experiment, cytological examination and microsatellite analysis. Cytological examination detected diploid males in nine of 17 single pairs of sibling mating, thus in agreement with the proportion of matched matings predicted by the sl-CSD model. Sex ratio shifts in these matched sibling matings were consistent with the sl-CSD model with less viable diploid males. The haploid males have a single set of maternal chromosomes (n ¼ 10), whereas diploid males possess a double set of chromosomes (2n ¼ 20). Microsatellite analyses confirmed that diploid males produced from the matched matings inherited segregating genetic materials from both parents. Thus, this study provides the first solid evidence for the presence of sl-CSD as a sex-determining mechanism in the braconid genus Cotesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Single-locus sex determination in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Zhou

Dorn

2006

Heredity

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“…On the one hand, Niyibigira et al (2004b) have excluded CSD from C. flavipes Cameron, and field studies suggest no CSD in C. sesamiae (Cameron) as well (Niyibigira et al, 2004a). On the other hand, there is an unpublished report of diploid males being produced by inbred C. rubecula (Marshall) (Stouthamer et al, 1992;W Steiner, personal communication), and patterns of inbreeding and sex ratio suggest CSD in C. glomerata (Gu and Dorn, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Hopper

Ode

et al. 2005

Heredity

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In the haplodiploid Hymenoptera, haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs, receiving a single set of maternal chromosomes while diploid females arise from fertilized eggs and receive both maternal and paternal chromosomes. Under single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single locus. Sex locus heterozygotes develop as females, while hemizygous and homozygous eggs develop as haploid and diploid males, respectively. Diploid males, which are inviable or sterile in almost all cases studied, are therefore produced in high frequency under inbreeding or in populations with low sex allele diversity. CSD is considered to be the ancestral form of sex determination within the Hymenoptera because members of the most basal taxa have CSD while some of the more derived groups have other mechanisms of sex determination that produce the haplo-diploid pattern without penalizing inbreeding. In this study, we investigated sex determination in Heterospilus prosopidis Viereck, a parasitoid from a relatively primitive subfamily of the Braconidae, a hymenopteran family having species with and without CSD. By comparing sex ratio and mortality patterns produced by inbred and outbred females, we were able to rule out sl-CSD as a sex determination mechanism in this species. The absence of sl-CSD in H. prosopidis was unexpected given its basal phylogenetic position in the Braconidae. This and other recent studies suggest that sex determination systems in the Hymenoptera may be evolutionary labile. Heredity (2005) 95, 228-234.

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“…Interestingly, this large genus of parasitoids comprises species with and species without CSD. Niyibigira et al (2004a) demonstrated the absence of CSD in the gregarious stemborer parasitoid C. flavipes, and sex ratio data from field populations suggest CSD is very unlikely in C. sesamiae (Niyibigira et al, 2004b). However, CSD was recently demonstrated in C. glomerata (Gu and Dorn, 2003;Zhou et al, 2006), and it has been suggested to operate in C. rubecula (personal communication by Steiner in Stouthamer et al, 1992;de Boer unpublished).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2007

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In the Hymenoptera, males develop as haploids from unfertilized eggs and females develop as diploids from fertilized eggs. In species with complementary sex determination (CSD), however, diploid males develop from zygotes that are homozygous at a highly polymorphic sex locus or loci. We investigated mating behavior and reproduction of diploid males of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis (C. plutellae), for which we recently demonstrated CSD. We show that the behavior of diploid males of C. vestalis is similar to that of haploid males, when measured as the proportion of males that display wing fanning, and the proportion of males that mount a female. Approximately 29% of diploid males sired daughters, showing their ability to produce viable sperm that can fertilize eggs. Females mated to diploid males produced all-male offspring more frequently (71%) than females mated to haploid males (27%). Daughter-producing females that had mated to diploid males produced more male-biased sex ratios than females mated to haploid males. All daughters of diploid males were triploid and sterile. Three triploid sons were also found among the offspring of diploid males. It has been suggested that this scenario, that is, diploid males mating with females and constraining them to the production of haploid sons, has a large negative impact on population growth rate and secondary sex ratio. Selection for adaptations to reduce diploid male production in natural populations is therefore likely to be strong. We discuss different scenarios that may reduce the sex determination load in C. vestalis.

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Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) does not exhibit complementary sex determination (ii) Evidence from laboratory experiments

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Single-locus sex determination in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Single-locus sex determination in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis

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