Cotinine in the serum, saliva, and urine of nonsmokers, passive smokers, and active smokers.

Wall, Michael; Johnson, J. R.; Jacob, Peyton; Benowitz, Neal L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.699

Cited by 212 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the urine cotinine concentration of those exposed to passive cigarette smoke may be higher, there is considerable overlap with values among non-smokers, 16,17 but little with active smokers. Exposure to passive smoke (cigarette smoke from others' smoking) is likely to be widespread among non-smokers given the high prevalence of smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Validation of self‐reported cigarette smoking in a remote Australian Aboriginal community

McDonald

Maguire

Hoy

2003

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Validation of self‐reported cigarette smoking in a remote Australian Aboriginal community

McDonald

Maguire

Hoy

2003

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…Thus, we used various cotinine cutoffs 33,34 as exposure variables in sensitivity models. Effects from models using multiply imputed values for metals or cotinine were estimated using Rubin's combining rules in SAS (PROC MIANALYZE).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-to-Pregnancy Associated With Couples’ Use of Tobacco Products

Sapra

Barr

Maisog

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Previous studies suggest female smoking increases time-to-pregnancy (TTP), a couple-dependent reproductive outcome, while associations with male smoking are more ambiguous. Furthermore, despite small increases in smokeless tobacco use in the United States, no prior study has evaluated TTP among smokeless tobacco users. Methods: Using population-based sampling in 16 counties in Michigan and Texas, 501 couples discontinuing contraception to become pregnant were followed until positive pregnancy test or 12 months of trying. Participants were interviewed on lifetime and current cigarette, cigar, and chew/snuff (smokeless) use and provided blood samples for quantification of heavy metals and cotinine. Fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated, adjusted for demographics/lifestyle. FORs less than 1 reflect longer TTP. Results: Eleven percentage of females and 15% of males smoked cigarettes. Among men, 14% smoked cigars, 9% used snuff, and 2% used chew. Compared with never tobacco users, male (FOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.68) and female (FOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.85) smoking were individually associated with longer TTP; males' smoking remained significant (FOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.79) when modeling partners together. Cadmium levels were higher in smokers than smokeless tobacco and never users; adjusting for cadmium attenuated the cigarette-TTP association, particularly among women. TTP was shorter among smokeless tobacco users relative to smokers (FOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.47, 5.57). Conclusions: Compared with never users, smokeless tobacco did not alter TTP in our cohort; however, TTP was shorter compared with smokers. We observed longer TTP in male and female smokers; cadmium may partially contribute. Implications: Both partners' preconception smoking contributed to longer TTP, highlighting the importance of both partners' lifestyles in healthy reproduction and underscores the need for couple-based preconception guidance. The male's contribution is a new finding. Higher cadmium levels may partially contribute to longer TTP in smokers, particularly among females. Though we do not observe longer TTP among a small sample of smokeless tobacco users compared with never tobacco users, we observe shorter TTP compared with smokers. Further work is needed to more thoroughly delineate the relationship between smokeless tobacco use and TTP and possible mechanisms of tobacco use's effects on reproduction.

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“…The majority of the fire fighters (23 of 30) had urinary cotinine concentrations below 30 µg/L. A cotinine level above 30 µg/L has been associated with light tobacco smoking and passive exposure to tobacco smoke, which are both sources of PAH exposure (confounders) [Wall et al 1988]. Therefore, data from subjects with cotinine levels > 30 µg/L are identified in these plots.…”

Section: Correlations Between Exposure and Biomarker Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fire fighters.

2013

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Cotinine in the serum, saliva, and urine of nonsmokers, passive smokers, and active smokers.

Cited by 212 publications

References 17 publications

Validation of self‐reported cigarette smoking in a remote Australian Aboriginal community

Validation of self‐reported cigarette smoking in a remote Australian Aboriginal community

Time-to-Pregnancy Associated With Couples’ Use of Tobacco Products

Evaluation of dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fire fighters.

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