Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System

Liu, De-Gang; Ke, Yanxiong; Min, Xin; Liang, Yanjie; Wang, Zhongbing; Li, Yuancheng; Fei, Jiangchi; Yao, Liwei; Jiang, Guanghua

doi:10.3390/ijerph16010156

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In this way, there are some studies that show the results of incorporating EAFD in processes of geopolymerization of coal fly ash [16,17,37]. On the other hand, it should be noted that there is a significant number of published studies that evaluate the environmental implications of geopolymeric systems based on industrial waste through leaching behavior, but exclusively using a leaching test, mostly the TCLP [38][39][40][41][42]. Although geochemical modeling of inorganic waste and stabilized waste has been extensively used, only limited research has determined the chemical species and leaching of oxyanions [32,35,43,44], and only some authors studied the geochemical modeling of FA based geopolymer [23,38,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Fly Ash–Clay Based Geopolymer-Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD): Leaching Behavior and Geochemical Modeling

et al. 2021

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The recent recovery processes of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) include stabilization within materials with potential uses in the construction sector. The stabilization of EAFD by alkaline activation of different alumina-silicates, resulting in low-cost and environmentally friendly materials. The leaching standards within the different European regulations allow evaluating waste materials and products. This work aims to study the introduction of EAFD in FA–clay geopolymers, assessing the environmental and geochemical behavior in two different scenarios, disposal, and utilization. For it, the compliance equilibrium-based batch test (EN 12457-2) and pH dependence test (EN 14429) have been used. The dosages of EAFD in the geopolymeric matrix are 5% to 20% with curing temperatures of 75 °C and 225 °C. The introduction of EAFD favors the development of the flexural strength. From the environmental point of view, metals related to EAFD, such as Zn, Pb, or Cu, are retained in the matrix. While As or Se, comes mainly from clay, present a high concentration. Therefore, the role of clay should be analyzed in future research. As expected by the high iron content in the EAFD, the iron complexes on the surface of the material are responsible for immobilization of metals in this type of matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Fly Ash–Clay Based Geopolymer-Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD): Leaching Behavior and Geochemical Modeling

et al. 2021

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“…The new pre-treatment methods of MSWI-FA were investigated by taking advantage of the excellent ability of geopolymer to immobilize harmful metals, As and other heavy metals were confirmed to be effectively immobilized (Liu et al 2019(Liu et al , 2021Tome et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Foamed Geopolymer with Addition of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Kondoa

Ikeda

2021

ACT

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In order to develop a safe technology for recycling municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA), the authors have attempted to produce foamed geopolymers with addition of MSWI-FA, and have investigated their various properties, including bulk density, strength, thermal conductivity, and leaching concentration of heavy metals and chlorine, etc. The polymerization reaction products, crystalline compounds and microstructure were also examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses. It was found that it is possible to produce foamed geopolymer with a bulk density of less than 0.5 and a uniform distribution of air voids, by adding metallic aluminum powder as foaming agent and using less than 20% MSWI-FA and suitable alkali activator having low NaOH mole concentration. CaCl(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 , CaO and KCl, initially included in the MSWI-FA, were not found in the foamed geopolymers. The geopolymers, which used ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), coal fly ah and MSWI-FA as precursors, were mainly composed of C-A-S-H gels, incompletely reacted precursors and a small amount of N-A-S-H gels. The foamed geopolymer had very high immobilization capacity of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn), not varying with the pH of leachate. The immobilization efficiency of As changed with the pH of leachate and BFS content. When the BFS content was not less than 60%, the leaching concentrations of all the traced heavy metals including As were low, satisfying the environmental criteria of Japan for recycled construction materials without direct contact with water. The chlorine immobilization capacity of the foamed geopolymers is expected to exceed 70% in long-term age.

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“…In our previous study, LSS was pretreated as a geopolymer precursor through the high-energy ball milling activation process. It could be used as a geopolymeric solidification/stabilization (S/S) reagent for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) [40]. However, to our knowledge, LSS contains a great amount of iron and the behavior of iron in the LSS based geopolymer has not yet been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Hydration Characteristic of Geopolymer Based on Lead Smelting Slag

Yao

Liu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Lead smelting slag (LSS) has been identified as general industrial solid waste, which is produced from the pyrometallurgical treatment of the Shuikoushan process for primary lead production in China. The LSS-based geopolymer was synthesized after high-energy ball milling. The effect of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) on the synthesis parameters of the geopolymer was optimized. Under the best parameters of the geopolymer (modulus of water glass was 1–1.5, dosage of water glass (W(SiO2+Na2O)) was 5% and water-to-binder ratio was 0.2), the UCS reached 76.09 MPa after curing for 28 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching concentration of Zn from LSS fell from 167.16 to 93.99 mg/L after alkali-activation, which was below the limit allowed. Meanwhile, C-S-H and the geopolymer of the hydration products were identified from the geopolymer. In addition, the behavior of iron was also discussed. Then, the hydration process characteristics of the LSS-based geopolymer were proposed. The obtained results showed that Ca2+ and Fe2+ occupied the site of the network as modifiers in the glass phase and then dissociated from the glass network after the water glass activation. At the same time, C-S-H, the geopolymer and Fe(OH)2 gel were produced, and then the Fe(OH)2 was easily oxidized to Fe(OH)3 under the air curing conditions. Consequently, the conclusion was drawn that LSS was an implementable raw material for geopolymer production.

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Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

Coal Fly Ash–Clay Based Geopolymer-Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD): Leaching Behavior and Geochemical Modeling

Coal Fly Ash–Clay Based Geopolymer-Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD): Leaching Behavior and Geochemical Modeling

Development of Foamed Geopolymer with Addition of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Synthesis and Hydration Characteristic of Geopolymer Based on Lead Smelting Slag

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