COTS-Based Real-Time System Development: An Effective Application in Pump Motor Control

Adam, George K.; Petrellis, Nikos; Kontaxis, Panagiotis A.; Stylianos, Tilemachos

doi:10.3390/computers9040097

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For instance, the instruction for adding two registers written in the following form R0 = R1 + R2 (6,4) means that both the result and the first component of addition are represented in the form Fx6_32 (i.e., i a = 6), while the second component is represented in the format Fx4_32 (i.e., i b = 4). In this case, the compiler will automatically calculate a scale factor of S A = 2 based on the formula (3).…”

Section: Fixed-point Coprocessor Based On a Scaling Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, operating systems, such as Linux, offer access to many libraries that are useful for data processing. As a result, it is possible to obtain a functional control system relatively quickly, even in the case of designing advanced algorithms, for example for processing images transmitted from a camera in real-time [3] or for controlling an electric motor [4]. However, it should be pointed out that despite their high performance, the application processors and the Linux operating system do not provide a sufficiently short response time for many demanding applications [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fixed-Point Arithmetic Unit with a Scaling Mechanism for FPGA-Based Embedded Systems

Przybył¹

2021

Electronics

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The work describes the new architecture of a fixed-point arithmetic unit. It is based on the use of integer arithmetic operations for which the information about the scale of the processed numbers is contained in the binary code of the arithmetic instruction being executed. Therefore, this approach is different from the typical way of implementing fixed-point operations on standard processors. The presented solution is also significantly different from the one used in floating-point arithmetic, as the decision to determine the appropriate scale is made at the stage of compiling the code and not during its execution. As a result, the real-time processing of real numbers is simplified and, therefore, faster. The described method provides a better ratio of the processing efficiency to the complexity of the digital system than other methods. In particular, the advantage of using the described method in FPGA-based embedded control systems should be indicated. Experimental tests on an industrial servo-drive confirm the correctness of the described solution.

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Section: Fixed-point Coprocessor Based On a Scaling Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixed-Point Arithmetic Unit with a Scaling Mechanism for FPGA-Based Embedded Systems

Przybył¹

2021

Electronics

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“…Husain et al [9] propose an RTC for the bioreactor control based on the Arduino platform and a GUI using Labview. Adam et al [10] presents a platform for the control in a water pump based on the BeagleBone target and Linux, resulting in an open-source platform requiring low-level programming skills instead. Also, generic RTCPs have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Real-Time Control Platform with Embedded Isolated Electrical Sensors for Power Electronics

et al. 2023

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This paper presents a versatile, low-cost real-time control platform with embedded isolated inputs and outputs for direct usage in electrical applications. The inputs correspond to voltage and current measurements, while the outputs are digital signals with isolated power supply. The validation for the platform considers the implementation of the power electronics topologies where the control algorithms are implemented in Simulink. The topologies are the interleaved three-phase buck converter, push–pull converter, H-bridge, and thyristor-based AC load controller. The control for them involves voltage feedback, current feedback, linear control algorithms, and the implementation of a discrete PLL algorithm for the last topology. Hence, the platform demonstrates the effectiveness of performing real-time control for some power electronics topologies.

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“…The fast growth of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is accelerating the move towards open source Linux in embedded market share. The increasing requirements on the performance of real-time applications, and the need to reduce development costs and time, led to an increase in the interest for employing COTS (commercial off-theshelf) hardware and software components in real-time applications [3][4][5][6]. However, their reliable real-time performance is still under investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Performance and Response Latency Measurements of Linux Kernels on Single-Board Computers

Adam

2021

Computers

Self Cite

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This research performs real-time measurements of Linux kernels with real-time support provided by the PREEMPT_RT patch on embedded development devices such as BeagleBoard and Raspberry Pi. The experimental measurements of the Linux real-time performance on these devices are based on real-time software modules developed specifically for the purposes of this research. Taking in consideration the constraints of the specific hardware platforms under investigation, new measurements software was developed. The measurement algorithms are designed upon response and periodic task models. Measurements investigate latencies of real-time applications at user and kernel space. An outcome of this research is that the proposed performance measurements approach and evaluation methodology could be applied and deployed on other Linux-based boards and platforms. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the PREEMPT_RT patch overall improves the Linux kernel real-time performance compared to the standard one. The reduced worst-case latencies on such devices running Linux with real-time support could make them potentially more suitable for real-time applications as long as a latency value of about 160 μs, as an upper bound, is an acceptable safety margin.

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COTS-Based Real-Time System Development: An Effective Application in Pump Motor Control

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Fixed-Point Arithmetic Unit with a Scaling Mechanism for FPGA-Based Embedded Systems

Fixed-Point Arithmetic Unit with a Scaling Mechanism for FPGA-Based Embedded Systems

Low-Cost Real-Time Control Platform with Embedded Isolated Electrical Sensors for Power Electronics

Real-Time Performance and Response Latency Measurements of Linux Kernels on Single-Board Computers

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