Cotton fabric incorporated with β-cyclodextrin/ketoconazole/Ag NPs generating outstanding antifungal and antibacterial performances

Abstract

The in uence of Ketoconazole and β-CD/Ketoconazole was previously reported on cotton fabric as fungal skincare; however, the impact of nanosilver on the antifungal and antibacterial properties of the same products is unknown. Here, silver NPs were synthesized on β-CD/KZ composites and then attached to the cotton using a cross-linking agent. The nanocomposites and treated fabrics were analyzed by UVvis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta-potential and FE-SEM. The drug delivery and cytotoxicity of the products were also studied. The nanocomposites antimicrobial e ciency was examined on Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger as fungi and E. coli & S. aureus as bacteria. The synthesis of Ag-NPs on the β-CD/KZ ampli es both antifungal and antibacterial e ciencies. This also extends the drug regular release time for medical and drug delivery purposes. Having tremendous antimicrobial activities without cytotoxicity effects and regular release time of drug with excellent washing durability of treated samples make it suitable for medical applications likewise wound dressings and sportswear designed for sensitive skin.

Recent developments in the utilization of polymer nanocomposites in textile applications

“…The presence of Ag NPs in the composite prevented the nanoparticles from aggregation and reduced its loading on the cotton fabric that possibly reduced the drug side effects. Finally, the good durability of β -CD/KZ/Ag nanocomposite on cotton fabric in consecutive washes leads to the superior antimicrobial activities, breathability, water and moisture absorption with reasonable tensile strength that can be offered as a safe product with both the antifungal and antibacterial features [93].…”

Polysaccharides and Metal Nanoparticles for Functional Textiles: A Review

“…Ketoconazole is an antifungal drug, and the incorporation of AgNPs on β-CDs/KZ improved its antimicrobial properties and governed its release rate. In the sample produced with 2% of Ag, the microbial reduction was 100% in C. albicans and A. niger and about 85% in E. coli and S. aureus [ 115 ]. Antimicrobial cotton fabrics were developed using β-CDs and sulfated β-CDs (S-β-CDs) to host AgNPs, forming inclusion complexes.…”

“…Green synthesis, through precursors of biological origin, such as polysaccharides, prevents pollution and mitigates cytotoxicity during the early stages of chemical processes [ 168 ]. Successful synthesis and stabilization of MNPs using these biological macromolecules was achieved in several works by the coordination bonds between the metal salts and functional groups of polysaccharides [ 46 , 72 , 86 , 88 , 105 , 115 , 134 ]. Poor MNP adhesion in textiles is an important challenge for the textile industry, as it results in excessive leaching during washing and disposal, which should be considered prior to their application [ 169 ].…”

Antibacterial Nanofibrous Mat of Pullulan/Cinnamaldehyde-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes as a Potential Cloth Mask Layer with Long-Term Storage Stability and Facile Disposal Property

“…32,34 The CD inclusion complexes have been used for the functionalization of cotton surfaces for antibacterial and/or antifungal applications. 35,36 In this study, the γCD inclusion complexes of CAH molecules have been first incorporated into electrospun pullulan nanofibers (pullulan/CAH-γCD-IC NM) using a one-step process for developing a functional layer that can be inserted in the cloth mask (Figure 1). A comparative and detailed physical characterization has been performed with the control sample, CAH-loaded pullulan nanofibers (pullulan/CAH NM).…”

“…As most essential oil compounds, CAH also suffers from potential losses during processing and/or long-term storage because of its volatile nature and sensitivity to heat, light, and air . The electrospinning technique represents a feasible way for the encapsulation of essential oils in the nanofibrous mat matrix; however, the single performance of polymeric templates may not be enough for the preservation of these volatile compounds. , Here, cyclodextrins (CDs), starch-derived cyclic oligosaccharides, can emerge as an effective encapsulation agent. , CDs display cost-effective and “green” solutions by enhancing the stability as well as solubility of volatile and hydrophobic essential oil compounds by forming inclusion complexes. , As it has been reported previously, the drawbacks of CAH molecules such as instability observed under ambient conditions and poor water solubility have been also overcome by inclusion complexation using different types of CDs. , The CD inclusion complexes have been used for the functionalization of cotton surfaces for antibacterial and/or antifungal applications. , In this study, the γCD inclusion complexes of CAH molecules have been first incorporated into electrospun pullulan nanofibers (pullulan/CAH-γCD-IC NM) using a one-step process for developing a functional layer that can be inserted in the cloth mask (Figure ). A comparative and detailed physical characterization has been performed with the control sample, CAH-loaded pullulan nanofibers (pullulan/CAH NM).…”