Cotton

Abstract

The history of cotton, the use of which predates recorded history, is reviewed. The various varieties and their origins are given. Modern practices related to cultivation and production, fertilizers, pest and insecticides, harvesting, ginning, and greige processing are presented. Current information on the physical properties of the cotton fiber is given. The use of high volume instrumentation (HVI) for fiber property measurements is included. The morphology of the cotton fiber is discussed. Information on the structure and reactivity of cotton includes its chemical structure, crystal structure, pore structure, and availability of hydroxyl groups. Its chemical reactions that produce value added products are summarized. These products include stretch cottons, durable press fabrics, flame retardant fabrics, waterproof cottons, antibacterial cottons, and temperature adaptable fabrics. Overall economic aspects and health and safety factors are also given.