Cough and Other Reflexes on Irritation of Airway Mucosa in Man

What is cough and what should be measured?

“…One study with cough induced in humans with a bolus of water showed almost identical patterns of cough from the larynx and from the trachea [5].…”

“…distilled water aerosol), tartaric acid, acetic acid and hypertonic solutions have also been administered. Cough number or frequency is usually measured, and a few papers show patterns of response [5,8,[10][11][12].…”

Cough: what's in a name?

“…There has not been time to check them all, but 60 were pulled out at random for the period 1929-2005. They have two features in common: all of them are about cough, and cough is defined in virtually none of them (including many papers by one of the present authors, J. Widdicombe), except for those by a small number of authors (including some papers by one of us, G. Fontana) [1][2][3]. In contrast, reviews usually include a textbook definition of cough, and a comprehensive book on cough admirably describes several different patterns of cough [4].…”

“…For example: a) activation of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex by lung inflation strongly augments the ER (there is a paradox here because in practice there is no preliminary inspiration to augment the reflex), but has only facilitatory or inconsistent actions on the CR [14]; b) high levels of carbon dioxide in arterial blood depress the cough but not the ER [15]; c) in slow-wave sleep, cough, but not the ER, is depressed [16,17]; d) in neonates, the ER appears during development before the CR [18]; e) unlike in sleep, anaesthesia depresses the ER more than the CR [2] (see later); f) anecdotal evidence suggests that the full effort of a cough can be voluntarily produced, but the full explosive effort of the ER cannot; g) cough is associated with a sensation, an urge-tocough [19], but if the ER has a similar sensation it has not been described.…”

Pediatrik Hastaların Preoperatif Değerlendirmesi

“…KEY WORDS: preoperative assessment, anesthesia, pediatric patients, morbidity Bunun sonucu olarak sekresyon, aspirasyon gibi havayolu irritabilitesini artıran durumlar apne ve laringospazm gelişme olasılığını artırırlar [11,12].…”