Cough Once for Danger: Icons Versus Abstract Warnings as Informative Alerts in Civil Aviation

Perry, Nathan; Stevens, Catherine J.; Wiggins, Mark W.; Howell, Clare

doi:10.1518/001872007x249929

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Indeed, this is consistent with the findings of Perry et al (2007), who reported that well-designed icons can tap into pre-existing cue associations in memory to facilitate performance in aviation. Icons that exploit pre-exiting associations in this way are described as iconic cues.…”

Section: Theoretical Rationalesupporting

confidence: 91%

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Using iconic cues to recover from fixation on tablet devices in the cockpit

Loveday

Wiggins

2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Tablet devices are increasingly used as electronic flight bags in general aviation. However, there are risks associated with the use of such devices in the aviation context, particularly if the pilot becomes fixated and loses situation awareness. The present study investigated the effectiveness of presenting iconic cues and generic icons on a tablet device interface as a means of reengaging pilots with aircraft flight systems following a failure. The results indicated that the participants were faster to respond to simulated aircraft failures when icons were associated with the cause of the failure, and slower when they were associated with a related aircraft indicator or with a generic event. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Theoretical Rationalesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Indeed, the use of icons as cues is already common in a range of industrial environments, including aviation (Perry, Stevens, Wiggins, & Howell, 2007). However, it is not immediately apparent how tablet icons should be designed to best facilitate the performance of pilots.…”

Section: Theoretical Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Using iconic cues to recover from fixation on tablet devices in the cockpit

Loveday

Wiggins

2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…This is achieved by the alarm sound being a metaphor for the function it is describing. 'Good' metaphors (an interesting question of itself) can lead to very quick recognition needing only one or two exposures to the sound (Belz et al, 1999;Edworthy, Page et al, 2014;Graham, 1999;Leung et al 1997;Perry, Stevens et al 2007;Stephan et al, 2006;Ulfvengren, 2003). One of our goals in designing prototype sets of alarm sounds is to move on from small-scale tweaking of tonal alarm sounds (and consequently small-scale tweaking of the standard) which generally achieve only small improvements, to sets of alarm sounds which can be learned after very brief exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recognizability and Localizability of Auditory Alarms: Setting Global Medical Device Standards

et al. 2017

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Objective: Four sets of eight audible alarms matching the functions specified in IEC 60601-1-8 (2012) were designed using known principles from auditory cognition, with the intention that they would be more recognizable and localizable than those currently specified in the standard. Background:The audible alarms associated with IEC 60601-1-(2012), a global medical device standard, are known to be difficult to learn and retain, and there have been many calls to update them. There are known principles of design and cognition which might form the basis of more readily recognizable alarms. There is also scope for improvement in the localizability of the existing alarms.Method: Four alternative sets of alarms matched to the functions specified in IEC 60601-1-8 (2012) were tested for recognizability and localizability, and compared with the alarms currently specified in the standard Results: With a single exception, all prototype sets of alarms outperformed the current IEC set on both recognizability and localizability. Within the prototype sets, 'auditory icons' were the most easily recognized, but the other sets, using word rhythms and simple acoustic metaphors, were also more easily recognized than the current alarms. With the exception of one set, all prototype sets were also easier to localize. Conclusion:Known auditory cognition and perception principles were successfully applied to a known audible alarm problem Application: This work constitutes the first (benchmarking) phase of replacing the alarms currently specified in the standard. The design principles used for each set demonstrates the Medical audible alarms 3 relative ease with which different alarm types can be recognized and localized.Keywords: audition; auditory displays; learning; medical device technologies Precis: Four sets of audible alarms matched to the functions specified in IEC 60601-1-8, a global medical device standard, were designed using known principles of successful audible alarm design. When tested for recognizability and localizability, all sets (with one exception for localizability) outperformed the current alarms specified in the standard. This work represents the first phase of updating the alarms specified in that standard

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“…33 Such displays have been proposed for both ground-based vehicles and aircraft, and a variety of formats (speech, symbolic sounds, abstract sounds) have been evaluated in terms of eliciting fast response times, identification of events, perceived urgency, and pleasantness, with some promising results. 34,35 Thus, earcon symbologies might find a useful place in future aircraft HMD implementations.…”

Section: Flight Path and Collision Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future helmet-mounted displays for piloted systems

et al. 2009

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Scientists and Engineers in the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) are constantly asked what are the new technologies and concepts that are being developed to significantly increase the warfighters capabilities. The warfighting communities have different opinions and priorities based on their platform capabilities and operational requirements that the Laboratory has to make trade-offs to maximize the payoff on investment for the Air Force operator community in this tighter budget era. This paper will discuss the current state of helmet mounted displays in rotorcraft and fast jets as well as the future technology advancements needed to increase warfighter productive and/or reduce life cycle costs.

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Cough Once for Danger: Icons Versus Abstract Warnings as Informative Alerts in Civil Aviation

Abstract: Sets of distinctive auditory iconic warnings can be designed to alert and inform pilots about non-time-pressured events. Potential applications of language-neutral icons as informative warnings include civil, commercial, and defense aircraft.

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Using iconic cues to recover from fixation on tablet devices in the cockpit

Using iconic cues to recover from fixation on tablet devices in the cockpit

The Recognizability and Localizability of Auditory Alarms: Setting Global Medical Device Standards

Current and future helmet-mounted displays for piloted systems

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