Could Galileo be wrong?

Lo, C. Y.

doi:10.4006/1.3636395

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This oversight results in an incomplete proof by Einstein of the equivalence of photonic energy and mass because the necessary step to show that photonic energy includes gravitational energy a) c_y_lo@yahoo.com a Neutral objects are not always accelerated in the same way under gravity, due to the charge-mass interaction. 48 b This disagrees with the calculated values of mass and energy of an electron. [49][50][51] was overlooked.…”

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confidence: 54%

Gravitation, physics, and technology

Lo¹

2012

Physics Essays

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Understanding gravitation resulted in advances in technology that led to the industrial revolution. The discovery of electromagnetism lead to the modern world today. However, the development of general relativity does not seem to be accompanied by technological developments. On the contrary, due to accumulated errors in physics and mathematics, invalid claims have been popular. The speculation of m ¼ E/c 2 being unconditional and the existence of dynamic solutions for the Einstein equation were incorrectly accepted as valid. Analysis together with comparisons of experiments gives the necessary rectifications. This leads to recognizing the space-time singularity theorems being irrelevant to physics, justifying the notion of photons with the theory of general relativity, and discovering and verifying the charge-mass interaction. Einstein's unification is proven correct, and related new technology should emerge. Ó 2012 Physics Essays Publication.R´esum´e: La compr´ehension de la gravitation a donn´e lieu`a des progr`es technologiques qui ont conduit`a la r´evolution industrielle. La d´ecouverte de l'´electromagn´etisme m`ene au monde moderne d'aujourd'hui, etc. Cependant, le d´eveloppement de la relativit´e g´en´erale ne semble pas s'accompagner de d´eveloppements technologiques. Au contraire, en raison d'erreurs accumul´ees en physique et en math´ematiques, affirmations invalides ont´et´e populaires. La sp´eculation que m ¼ E/c 2 sans conditions et l'existence de solutions dynamiques pour l'´equation d'Einstein ont´et´e accept´ees erron´ement comme valide. L'analyse ainsi que des comparaisons avec les exp´eriences donne les rectifications n´ecessaires. Cela conduit`a reconnaˆıtre que les th´eor`emes de singularit´e spatio-temporelle ne sont pas pertinents pour la physique, ce qui justifie la notion de photons avec la th´eorie de la relativit´e g´en´erale et la d´ecouverte et la v´erification de l'interaction charge-masse. L'unification d'Einstein est prouv´ee correcte, et les nouvelles technologies connexes devraient´emerger.

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confidence: 54%

Gravitation, physics, and technology

Lo¹

2012

Physics Essays

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“…u The invalid speculation that E=mc 2 unifies mass and energy also prevails in university courses, such as the open Phys. 8 18,56,57 Because he has the same biased views as others, he omits crucial issues and overlooks errors in mathematics and physics [see footnote (m)] at the undergraduate level. He and others also believed the speculation that any energy would always create attractive gravity, but that, too, is invalid.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The invalid speculation of , the Reissner–Nordström metric, and Einstein's Unification Theory

Lo¹

2012

Physics Essays

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The formula E=mc 2 is often misinterpreted as unconditionally valid. This unverified speculation is used for supporting invalid physics. This error is responsible for the misinterpretations of the Reissner-Nordstr¨om metric such that gravity would increase as energy increases. These misinterpretations, in turn, delayed the discovery of the charge-mass interaction for about 90 years. Recently, experiments have verified the existence of such a new charge-mass repulsive force and thus rejected the misinterpretations. Concurrently, the nonequivalence of mass and electric energy has also been further confirmed, and thus, photons must include nonelectromagnetic energy. Therefore, current theories based on the unconditional validity of E=mc 2 should be revised with new supports. This new force demands a new coupling from the unification of gravitation and electromagnetism and the existence of the five-dimensional space that Einstein conjectured. Then, the weight reduction of a charged capacitor, which is beyond general relativity, can be understood. Subsequently, in contrast to Einstein's prediction, it is conjectured that a piece of metal decreases in weight as its temperature increases. Thus, a new chapter for both experimental and theoretical physics is opened. Ó 2012 Physics Essays Publication.R´esum´e: La formule E=mc 2 est souvent mal interpr´et´ee comme´etant inconditionnellement valable. Cette sp´eculation non v´erifi´ee est employ´ee pour soutenir une physique qui n'est pas valable. Cette erreur est responsable des interpr´etations fausses de la m´etrique de Reissner-Nordstr¨om telle que la pesanteur augmenterait quand l'´energie augmente. Ces fausses interpr´etations,`a leur tour, ont retard´e la d´ecouverte de l'interaction de la charge-masse pendant environ 90 ans. R´ecemment, les exp´eriences ont v´erifi´e l'existence d'une force r´epulsive de cette nouvelle charge-masse, et rejettent ainsi les fausses interpr´etations. Concurremment, la non´equivalence de la masse et l'´energie´electrique est´egalement confirm´ee encore, et les photons doivent inclure ainsi de l'´energie non´electromagn´etique. Par cons´equent, des th´eories courantes bas´ees sur la validit´e inconditionnelle de E=mc 2 devraientˆetre mises`a jour sur de nouvelles bases. Cette nouvelle force exige un nouvel accouplement de l'unification de l'attraction universelle et de l'´electromagn´etisme, et l'existence d'un espace`a cinq dimensions sur lequel Einstein a´emis des hypoth`eses. Alors, la r´eduction de poids d'un condensateur charg´e, qui est au del`a de la relativit´e g´en´erale, peutˆetre comprise. Plus tard, contrairement`a la pr´evision d'Einstein, on´emet l'hypoth`ese qu'un morceau de m´etal diminuerait de poids`a mesure que sa temp´erature augmente. Ainsi, un nouveau chapitre pour la physique exp´erimentale et th´eorique est ouvert.

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“…Moreover, this can be verified by simply weighing a capacitor before and after being charged [31,32]. Some experimental consequences are that a charged capacitor would fall slower than a stone [39] and there are capacitor lifters [31].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Question of Einstein's Speculation E = mc2 and Related Experiments

Lo¹

2015

PIRT

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The formula E = mc 2 is actually only a speculation of Einstein because it has never been proven. This formula started from special relativity and has become famous because of the atomic bomb. However, for a single type of energy, Einstein has failed to prove it. Einstein thought that he had proved that the electromagnetic energy is equivalent to mass because he had mistaken that the photons have only electromagnetic energy. However, General Relativity shows that the photons necessarily have the combination of electromagnetic energy and the gravitational energy. Theoretically, the electromagnetic energy is not equivalent to mass because the electromagnetic energy-stress tensor is traceless and thus cannot affect the Rici curvature as a mass does. Moreover, the electromagnetic energy would generate repulsive gravitation, which has been confirmed by experiments, but the mass generates only attractive gravitation. It is due to the existence of such a charge-mass interaction, general relativity also must be extended and Einstein's unification between electromagnetism and gravitation is necessary. In addition, experimentally a charged capacitor has a reduced weight and a piece of heated-up metal would also have a reduced weight, instead of an increased weight as Einstein predicted. Now, E = mc 2 is established as an obstacle.

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Could Galileo be wrong?

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Gravitation, physics, and technology

Gravitation, physics, and technology

The invalid speculation of , the Reissner–Nordström metric, and Einstein's Unification Theory

The Question of Einstein's Speculation E = mc2 and Related Experiments

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