Could Glacial Retreat-Related Landslides Trigger Volcanic Eruptions? Insights from Mount Meager, British Columbia

Roberti, Gioachino; Ward, Brent; Vries, Benjamín van Wyk de; Corvec, Nicolas Le; Venugopal, Swetha; Williams‐Jones, Glyn; Clague, John J.; Friele, Pierre A.; Falorni, Giacomo; Baldeon, Geidy; Perotti, Luigi; Giardino, Marco; Menounos, Brian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60319-9_15

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In July 2016, a 2.7 × 10 6 m 2 area of the western flank of Plinth Peak was displaced by 34 ± 10 mm over a 24 h period, as inferred by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) interferometry of the gradual slope failure (Roberti 2018). The western flank of Plinth Peak is at or near the catastrophic failure threshold (Roberti et al 2021). In the event of slope failure--potentially hastened by recent glacial retreat--decompression would alter the stress field to the depth of the current magma chamber (∼ 6 km; Roberti et al 2021).…”

Section: Mount Meager Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The western flank of Plinth Peak is at or near the catastrophic failure threshold (Roberti et al 2021). In the event of slope failure--potentially hastened by recent glacial retreat--decompression would alter the stress field to the depth of the current magma chamber (∼ 6 km; Roberti et al 2021). A cascade of magmatic decompression and gas exsolution could trigger an eruption in MMVC (Roberti et al 2021).…”

Section: Mount Meager Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the event of slope failure--potentially hastened by recent glacial retreat--decompression would alter the stress field to the depth of the current magma chamber (∼ 6 km; Roberti et al 2021). A cascade of magmatic decompression and gas exsolution could trigger an eruption in MMVC (Roberti et al 2021). Evidence of recent instability prompted hazard mapping of pyroclastic density currents, lahars, and tephra fallout (Warwick et al 2019(Warwick et al , 2022.…”

Section: Mount Meager Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a local scale, shorter term stress changes caused by cryostatic unloading may increase the susceptibility of slopes to edifice collapse in MMVC (Roberti 2018). In turn, landslides related to glacial retreat may trigger volcanic eruptions in MMVC (Roberti et al 2021). At a regional scale, Mathews (1958b) and suggested that, following the period of peak glacial loading, unloading was the trigger mechanism for the last eruptions in MGVS.…”

Section: Cryostatic Unloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mount Garibaldi: hazard potential from a long-dormant volcanic system in the Pacific Northwest

Morison

Hickson²

2023

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Mount Garibaldi Volcanic System (MGVS) is the southernmost member of Garibaldi Volcanic Belt (GVB), the northern (Canadian) segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. Temporally episodic explosive to effusive eruptions may be associated with peak ice unloading after glacial maxima. Rapid and widespread deglaciation of the overlying ice sheet, and glacial rebound, have altered the physical characteristics of the landscape whilst the system is thought to have been in long repose for over 10 000 years. Over the last 60 years, the region has become heavily populated due to increased tourism and all-season recreation opportunities. MGVS poses the greatest volcanic threat to the human population and built infrastructure between Vancouver and the resort municipality of Whistler. We believe that this system is a priority for further scientific research, given that its already “very high” overall threat score would likely increase if there was a better understanding of its eruptive history and hazards. Using published and field evidence, we show that potential hazards, related to the volcanic environment of this system, to the settlement of Squamish include voluminous lava flows, pyroclastic density currents triggered by lava dome collapse, tephra fallout, debris flows, and lahars. As relatively few exposures in the system have been dated using modern geochronological techniques, we take this opportunity to (re)calibrate published radiocarbon ages of relatively recent eruptions in GVB.

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Section: Mount Meager Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mount Meager Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mount Meager Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cryostatic Unloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mount Garibaldi: hazard potential from a long-dormant volcanic system in the Pacific Northwest

Morison

Hickson²

2023

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…In early August 2010 a mass flow occurred in Capricorn Creek, a tributary to the main Meager Creek (Guthrie et al, 2012). It involved initial failure of the western flank of Mount Meager in Pleistocene rhyodacitic volcanic rock which mobilised additional volcanic material below; rapid evacuation of the entire flank ensued and the initial rock slope failure was transformed into a massive high-velocity ice-rock debris flow (Figure 11 (A), (B); Guthrie et al, 2012;Roberti et al, 2018;Roberti et al, 2017). The disintegrating mass travelled down Capricorn Creek at an average velocity of 64 m/s, exhibiting marked super-elevation in bends, to the intersection of Meager Creek, 7.8 km from the source.…”

Section: Meager Creekmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic process chains in high-mountain regions - A review and classification approach for natural hazards assessment

Mani

Allen

Evans

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Human populations and infrastructure in high mountain regions are exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, the frequency, magnitude, and location of which are extremely sensitive to climate change. In cases where several hazards can occur simultaneously or where the occurrence of one event will change the disposition of another, assessments need to account for complex process chains. While process chains are widely recognized as a major threat, no systematic analysis has been undertaken. We therefore assemble a broad set of process chain events from across the globe to establish new understanding on the factors that directly trigger or alter the disposition for subsequent events in the chain. Based on this new understanding, we derive a novel classification scheme and parameters to aid natural hazard assessment. Most process chains in high mountains are commonly associated with glacier retreat or permafrost degradation. Regional differences exist in the nature and rate of sequencing-some process chains are almost instantaneous, while other linkages are delayed. Process chains involving rapid sequences are difficult to predict or mitigate, and impacts are often devastating. We demonstrate that process chains are initialized most frequently as threshold failures, being the result of gradual landscape weakening and not due to the occurrence of a distinct trigger. The co-occurrence of fluvial processes or activation of sediment deposition areas increases the reach of process chains. Climate change is therefore expected to increase the reach of events in the future, as glacial environments transform into sediment-rich paraglacial and fluvial landscapes.

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Catastrophic landslides and frontiers of landslide science

Vilímek

Wang

Strom³

2021

Landslides

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Could Glacial Retreat-Related Landslides Trigger Volcanic Eruptions? Insights from Mount Meager, British Columbia

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Mount Garibaldi: hazard potential from a long-dormant volcanic system in the Pacific Northwest

Mount Garibaldi: hazard potential from a long-dormant volcanic system in the Pacific Northwest

Geomorphic process chains in high-mountain regions - A review and classification approach for natural hazards assessment

Catastrophic landslides and frontiers of landslide science

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