Could salivary biomarkers be useful in the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders, and is there a relationship between these biomarkers and risk factors?

Elmahgoub, Fatima

doi:10.1038/s41432-022-0249-8

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…MiRNAs are represented by single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that contain approximately 19 to 25 nucleotides that are responsible for regulating gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and influencing the inhibition, degradation, and translation of mRNA [ 30 ]. There are approximately 1500 known human miRNAs that constitute about 3% of the genes and can regulate up to 30% of the existent genes [ 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miRNA as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer Liquid Biopsy

et al. 2023

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Oral cancer is currently challenging the healthcare system, with a high incidence among the population and a poor survival rate. One of the main focuses related to this malignancy is the urge to implement a viable approach for improving its early diagnosis. By introducing the use of liquid biopsy and the identification of potential biomarkers, aiming for a noninvasive approach, new advancements offer promising perspectives in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The present review discusses the potential of circulating miRNAs as oral cancer biomarkers identified in body fluids such as serum, plasma, and saliva samples of oral cancer patients. Existing results reveal an important implication of different miRNA expressions involved in the initiation, development, progression, and metastasis rate of oral malignancy. Liquid biomarkers can play a crucial role in the development of the concept of personalized medicine, providing a wide range of clinical applications and future targeted therapies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miRNA as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer Liquid Biopsy

et al. 2023

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“…As well, other authors have shown that saliva contains a collection of analytes, such as proteins, DNA, and mRNA, as well as several metabolites that can be potential biomarkers for clinical and translational applications [ 48 ]. Therefore, salivary analysis is an effective option for prevention, monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis and this biological liquid could even become the first choice for the screening and identification of biomarkers given the constant contact with cancer cells inside the oral cavity [ 49 ]. The following section focuses on the cytokines as promising potential salivary clinical biomarkers useful in OSCC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview

et al. 2022

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer. Aimed to elucidate the potential identification of specific biomarkers of OSCC, the use of saliva is convenient and noninvasive. Many studies reported more than a hundred putative saliva biomarkers for OSCC, and proteogenomic approaches were fundamental to disclosing this issue. Methods: Relevant literature published in the last few years was systematically searched on PubMed and we focused on articles about the use and study of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of head and neck cancer (n = 110). Thereafter, we performed a selection focusing on diagnosis with salivary proteomics in OSCC (n = 8). Results: Saliva proteomics can be a source of biomarkers for OSCC. We reviewed literature of biomarker proteins in saliva that could also be evaluated as probable targets for non-invasive screening of oral neoplasm such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and acute-phase response proteins. Conclusions: The measurement of salivary biomarkers is a highly hopeful technique for the diagnosis of OSCC. Proteogenomic approaches could permit an accurate and early diagnosis of OSCC. This review seeks to generate an up-to-date view on translational OSCC issues by raising awareness of researchers, physicians, and surgeons. Renewed clinical studies, which will validate the sensitivity and specificity of salivary biomarkers, are necessary to translate these results into possible strategies for early diagnosis of OSCC, thus improving patient outcomes.

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“…Recent research findings have shown that the joint detection of IL-6 and free prostatic-specific antigen (fPSA)/total prostatic-specific antigen (tPSA) can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa), and it is suggested that IL-6 could serve as a potential risk factor for PCa [ 86 ]. Elmahgoub et al proposed IL-6 as a salivary tool suitable for the early identification of oral cancer, while Aalten et al found that IL-6 played a comparable role to alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.66) [ 87 , 88 ]. Despite the outstanding diagnostic accuracy of IL-6 in ovarian cancer, as confirmed by our umbrella review, Fahmi et al’s investigations were hindered by the small number of studies included, resulting in insufficient evidence to suggest that IL-6 assessed in ascites, tissue, and blood serves as a prognostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) [ 89 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%