“…Tubastraea coccinea , popularly known as the sun coral, has established populations in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and over 3,500 km of the Brazilian coast (Boschma, 1953; Cairns, 2001; Castro & Pires, 2001; Costa et al., 2014; Fenner, 1999, 2001; Fenner & Banks, 2004; de Paula & Creed, 2004; Romano & Cairns, 2000; Sammarco, Porter, & Cairns, 2010; Vaughan & Wells, 1943). Several of these invaded areas are experiencing economic and environmental impacts from this coral (Creed et al., 2017; Luz & Kitahara, 2017). One of the important reasons for the invasiveness and rapid spread of T. coccinea along the southwestern Atlantic coastline is suggested to be the occurrence of multiple primary (Capel et al, 2017) and secondary (Capel, Creed, Kitahara, Chen, & Zilberberg, 2019) invasions, along with its diverse reproductive strategies, early maturity (Fenner & Banks, 2004; Glynn et al., 2008), rapid growth, and high recruitment rate (Costa et al., 2014; Lages, Fleury, Menegola, & Creed, 2011).…”