Could the two-minute step test be an alternative to the six-minute walk test for patients with systolic heart failure?

Węgrzynowska‐Teodorczyk, Kinga; Mozdzanowska, Dagmara; Josiak, Krystian; Siennicka, Agnieszka; Nowakowska, Katarzyna; Banasiak, Waldemar; Jankowska, Ewa A.; Ponikowski, Piotr; Woźniewski, Marek

doi:10.1177/2047487315625235

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…On the other hand, two step test can be used to assess Cardiovascular diseases physical tolerance (Wegrzynowska-Teodorczyk et al, 2016) and at the same time is linked to higher risk of fall as was found in this study. However, we did not nd other functional tests to be linked to fall risk among this group may be related to the fact that most of participants were less than 70 y and many of them still working.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Natour

Jaradat

Badrasawi

2020

Preprint

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Background Elderly men and women have higher risk of fall due to various factors including malnutrition, decreased muscle mass, decreased functional capacity, cognitive impairment and depression. Among Palestinian older adults fall history yet to be studied in term of prevalence and correlates. Objective The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of fall and the differences in fallers and non-fallers among a group of Palestinian elderly living in rural areas in Southern West Bank region of Hebron. Methods The study included 142 participants from two villages: Se'ar and Bani Na'em , Hebron governance. Demographic variables and fall history was collected by a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement were used to assess nutritional status; physical function was assessed by activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living, level of fitness was assessed using senior fitness test. Geriatric scale for depression was used to assess depression and Montreal cognitive assessment test was used to evaluate mild cognitive impairment. Results : 51.7% of study participants were females, the mean age 69.5± 5.7 years old. Positive fall history was present among 11.7% mostly females. Significant relationship with fall was found with larger waist and hip circumference, cognitive impairment, higher level of dependency and slower performance in time up and go (TUG) p<0.05. Conclusion Fall history has considerable prevalence among the study sample and it is correlated with nutritional status, cognitive and physical function. The findings of the study recommend educational and intervention programs to enhance the nutritional status, physical fitness and cognitive function among Palestinian elderly. Further research are needed to determine the risk factors of fall utilizing longitudinal study design and intervention studies to optimize intervention model to enhance the health status and decrease the risk of fall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Natour

Jaradat

Badrasawi

2020

Preprint

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“…Studies have shown the efficacy of the stationary gait test for other populations such as the healthy elderly and subjects with arterial hypertension, heart failure, and cervical compressive myeloma. 30,22,31,32 The STVR-6 is a functional capacity assessment test that only requires a small space. Moreover, it is practical and simple to use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, it can be performed in the hospital environment for acute conditions with better monitoring. 31 It is considered safe because it avoids falls, and it can be performed using walking aids. It can also be used by individuals with altered balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also be used by individuals with altered balance. 30,31 This test favors patients with COPD who use supplemental oxygen be- cause the oxygen cylinder does not need to be transported while carrying out the test. In this study, we proposed associating the stationary gait test with virtual reality because it may encourage greater patient interaction and motivation, and virtual reality is increasingly used in pulmonary rehabilitation programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility and Validity of the 6-Minute Stationary Walk Test Associated With Virtual Reality in Subjects With COPD

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: The importance of evaluating the functional capacity of patients with COPD is well known, and there is a wide range of tests described in the literature. The 6-min stationary walk test associated with virtual reality (STVR-6) was created in light of the current limitations of evaluation tests. It does not require a large physical space or sophisticated equipment, and it is not costly; furthermore, it can be performed by a single rater. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-and inter-rater reproducibility and to verify the criterion validity of the STVR-6. METHODS: 50 subjects with COPD were evaluated over the course of 3 d. The execution order of the tests was randomized; the STVR-6 was performed over 2 d, and the 6-min walk test was performed in 1 d. The 6-min walk distance variables and number of steps in the STVR-6 were obtained with a gas analysis performed for both tests. RESULTS: Relative reproducibility was found for intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.57-0.94, P < .001) between the number of steps and the highest value of oxygen consumption during the test (V O 2 peak), intra-and inter-rater. In terms of absolute reproducibility, the standard error of measurement and minimum detectable difference values were verified. In the Bland-Altman analysis, the intra-and inter-rater mean difference values were 21 and 17 steps and 0.002 and 0.242 mL/min/kg, respectively. Pearson correlation values were 0.57-0.75 (P < .001) between the number of steps and V O 2 peak. CONCLUSIONS: STVR-6 had excellent intra-rater reproducibility and excellent to good inter-rater reproducibility, but the high values of error measures demonstrated that there is a learning effect and a need to perform at least 2 tests. In addition, there was high to moderate correlation between the STVR-6 and the 6-min walk test. Therefore, the STVR-6 proved to be reproducible and valid for evaluating the functional capacity of subjects with COPD.

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“…Physical fitness was evaluated using selected physical tasks from the Functional Fitness Test (FFT) for Older Adults . For the purpose of this study, we used the following elements of FFT (the remaining two components of FFT assess the patient's lower and upper body flexibility and were not analysed): ‘Up and go’ (assessment of agility and dynamic balance)—patient is asked to stand up from a chair as fast as possible, walk around a pole placed within 2.44 m, and return to the baseline position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depleted iron stores are associated with inspiratory muscle weakness independently of skeletal muscle mass in men with systolic chronic heart failure

Tkaczyszyn

Drozd

Węgrzynowska‐Teodorczyk

et al. 2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundSkeletal and respiratory muscle dysfunction constitutes an important pathophysiological feature of heart failure (HF). We assessed the relationships between respiratory muscle function, skeletal muscle mass, and physical fitness in men with HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), and investigated the hypothesis of whether iron deficiency (ID) contributes to respiratory muscle dysfunction in these patients.MethodsWe examined 53 male outpatients with stable HFrEF without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (age: 64 ± 10 years; New York Heart Association [NYHA] class I/II/III: 36/51/13%; ischaemic aetiology: 83%; all with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%) and 10 middle‐aged healthy men (control group). We analysed respiratory muscle function (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure at the mouth [MIP and MEP, respectively]), appendicular lean mass/body mass index (ALM/BMI; ALM was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), physical fitness (components of Functional Fitness Test for Older Adults), and iron status.ResultsMIP, MEP, and ALM/BMI (but not MIP adjusted for ALM/BMI) were lower in men with HFrEF vs. healthy men. MIP, MEP, and MIP adjusted for ALM/BMI (but not ALM/BMI) were lower in men with HFrEF with vs. without ID. In a multivariable linear regression model lower serum ferritin (but not transferrin saturation) was associated with lower MIP independently of ALM/BMI, left ventricular ejection fraction, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and haemoglobin concentration. In multivariable linear regression models, lower MIP was associated with worse results in Functional Fitness Test when adjusted for ALM/BMI or relevant clinical variables (NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT‐proBNP, and haemoglobin concentration).ConclusionsIn men with HFrEF, low ferritin reflecting depleted iron stores is associated with inspiratory muscle weakness independently of skeletal muscle mass. Inspiratory muscle dysfunction correlates with worse physical fitness independently of either skeletal muscle mass or disease severity.

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Could the two-minute step test be an alternative to the six-minute walk test for patients with systolic heart failure?

Abstract: The two-minute step test is well tolerated by patients with heart failure and may thus be considered as an alternative for the six-minute walk test.

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Reproducibility and Validity of the 6-Minute Stationary Walk Test Associated With Virtual Reality in Subjects With COPD

Depleted iron stores are associated with inspiratory muscle weakness independently of skeletal muscle mass in men with systolic chronic heart failure

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