Chymotrypsin, an extensively known proteolytic enzyme,
plays a
substantial role in maintaining physiological functions, including
protein digestion, immune response, and tissue repair. To date, intense
attention has been focused on the invention of efficient and sensitive
chemical tools for chymotrypsin activity measurement. Among them,
the “nonpeptide”-based chymotrypsin probe design strategy
utilizing the esterase activity of chymotrypsin has been well-developed
due to its low cost and high atom-economy feature. However, the ester-bond-based
nature of these probes make them possibly vulnerable to esterases
and active chemicals. These defects strictly restricted the application
of the previously reported probes, especially for imaging in living
systems. Therefore, to acquire fluorogenic probes with sufficient
stability and specificity for chymotrypsin sensing in a complicated
biological environment, a more stable skeleton for nonpeptide-based
chymotrypsin probe construction is urgently needed. Herein, a novel
nonpeptide-based fluorogenic probe for specific chymotrypsin activity
sensing was designed and synthesized by the substitution of an ester-based
linker with a heptafluorobutylamide moiety. The acquired probe, named TMBIHF, showed high selectivity toward various enzymes and
reactive chemicals, while it retained high sensitivity and catalytic
efficiency toward chymotrypsin. Moreover, TMBIHF was
successfully applied for monitoring chymotrypsin activity and pancreas
development in live zebrafish, specific sensing of exogenous and endogenous
chymotrypsin in nude mice, and visualizing chymotrypsin-like activity-dependent
cellular apoptosis, thus providing an alternative and reliable way
for chymotrypsin-targeted biosensor or prodrug construction.