Coumarin in flavourings and other food ingredients with flavouring properties ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)

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doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2008.793

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Taking into consideration that the most sensitive animal species were rats and dogs, based on a two-year dog study, the overall No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for liver toxicity was found to be of 10 mg/kg bw per day. Applying a total safety factor of 100 to this NOAEL (a factor of 10 for potential interspecies variation, together with a factor of 10 for potential interindividual differences in humans), it was concluded that a TDI of 0 -0.1 mg coumarin/kg bw could be established [106,121]. This conclusion was further supported by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) [122,123].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Coumarin-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Narrative Review

Pitaro¹,

Croce²,

Gallo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Coumarin is an effective treatment for primary lymphoedema, as well as lymphoedema related to breast cancer radiotherapy or surgery. However, its clinical use is limited in several countries due to the possible occurrence of hepatotoxicity, mainly in the form of mild to moderate transaminase elevation. Noteworthy, only few cases of severe hepatotoxicity have been described in literature, with no reported cases of liver failure. Data available on coumarin absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion have been reviewed, focusing on hepatotoxicity studies carried out in vitro and in vivo. Finally, safety and tolerability data from clinical trials have been thoroughly discussed. On the basis of these data, coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity seems to be restricted to a small subset of patients, probably due to the expression of specific alleles of CYP450 isoform not yet well characterized. In summary, more research is needed in order to identify patients at risk of developing hepatotoxicity following coumarin treatment, in order to improve the risk/benefit ratio of the product and allow more patients to benefit from its therapeutic properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Coumarin-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Narrative Review

Pitaro¹,

Croce²,

Gallo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In addition, although the toxicity of hydroxycoumarins is low, their safety also needs to be carefully considered. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) suggested that the Tolerable Daily Intake (IDT) of coumarin was 0.1 mg/kg body weight . For food and beverages, in general, the maximum permissible level is 2 mg/kg .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Scopoletin in Sweet Potato Confers Resistance against Fusarium oxysporum

Wang,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Fusarium wilt is a severe fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in sweet potato. We conducted transcriptome analysis to explore the resistance mechanism of sweet potato against F. oxysporum. Our findings highlighted the role of scopoletin, a hydroxycoumarin, in enhancing resistance. In vitro experiments confirmed that scopoletin and umbelliferone had inhibitory effects on the F. oxysporum growth. We identified hydroxycoumarin synthase genes IbF6′H2 and IbCOSY that are responsible for scopoletin production in sweet potatoes. The co-overexpression of IbF6′H2 and IbCOSY in tobacco plants produced the highest scopoletin levels and disease resistance. This study provides insights into the molecular basis of sweet potato defense against Fusarium wilt and identifies valuable genes for breeding wilt-resistant cultivars.

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“…In the aspect of safe cinnamon edibility, coumarin is known to be the main toxic substance present in cinnamon. According to the European Food Safety Authority, the human daily tolerance for coumarin is 0.1 mg/kg [ 46 ]. Among the several commercially available cinnamon species, C. verum contains the lowest content of coumarin: 0.017 mg/g [ 47 ], indicating the edible safety of C. verum and providing strong support for its use as a dietary supplement and drug development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Bark Contains High Contents of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

et al. 2022

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The global population is aging, and intervention strategies for anti-aging and the prevention of aging-related diseases have become a topic actively explored today. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule in the metabolic process, and its content in tissues and cells decreases with age. The supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an important intermediate and precursor of NAD+, has increased NAD+ levels, and its safety has been demonstrated in rodents and human studies. However, the high content of NMN in natural plants has not been fully explored as herbal medicines for drug development. Here, we identified that the leaf of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl (C. verum) was the highest NMN content among the Plant Extract Library (PEL) with food experience, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). To validate this result, the extraction and quantitative analysis of bark, leaf, root, and stem of fresh C. verum was conducted. The results revealed that the bark had the highest NMN content in C. verum (0.471 mg/100 g). Our study shed light on the prospects of developing natural plants in the context of NMN as drugs for anti-aging and prevention of aging-related diseases. The future should focus on the development and application of C. verum pharmaceutical formulations.

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Coumarin in flavourings and other food ingredients with flavouring properties ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Coumarin-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Narrative Review

Coumarin-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Narrative Review

Biosynthesis of Scopoletin in Sweet Potato Confers Resistance against Fusarium oxysporum

Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Bark Contains High Contents of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

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