Coumarins effectively inhibit bacterial α-carbonic anhydrases

Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonamide‐based compounds as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase from Vibrio cholerae

“…Finally, dithiocarbamates, coumarins, and carboxylic acids inhibited bacterial CAs through a distinct mode of interaction. [25,26] In our previous study, we have reported a computational approach to identify VchCA inhibitors culminating in the discovery of N-(4sulfamoylbenzyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide (Figure 1, compound 4) as a small molecule capable of reducing CA activity of all three classes expressed in V. cholerae in the nanomolar range in stopped-flow hydrase assay [22] and marked selectivity over hCA I/hCA II isoforms. To collect information about its binding mode, we have also described its hypothetical orientation into the VchCAβ cavity through docking simulations (Figure 2).…”

Inhibition studies of bacterial α-carbonic anhydrases with phenols

“…However, no detaled inhibition data with many other classes of inhibitors, including phenols, are available so far in the literature for many of these enzymes, among which NgCAα and VchCAα belong 22 , 24 . The first of this enzyme was recently validated 21 as a potential drug target for developing antibiotics able to reverse or at least to alleviate the extensive drug resistance phenomenon that has emerged for this N. gonorrhoeae 25 . Although phenols usually act as weaker CAIs compared to other classes such as the sulphonamides or the sulfamates, we decided to investigate here the susceptibility of these enzymes to inhibition by a series of simple phenols and phenolic acids, of types 1–22 ( Table 1 ) investigated earlier for their interaction with the human CA isoforms 4 , 6 .…”

“…Inhibitor and enzyme solutions were preincubated together for 15 min prior to the assay, in order to allow for the formation of the E-I complex. The inhibition constants were obtained by non-linear least-squares methods using Prism 3 and the Cheng-Prusoff equation, as reported previously 21 , 22 , and represent the mean from at least three different determinations. The NgCAα concentration in the assay system was 7.1 nM whereas the VchCAα was 10.3 nM.…”

“…Such data prompted us to investigate the interactions of a series of simple phenols and some of their derivatives with bacterial CAs which have recently been proposed 20 , 21 as novel drug targets for fighting the emergence of drug resistant bacteria, which no longer respond to clinically used antibiotics 22 . We included in the study NgCAα from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and VchCAα from Vibrio cholerae .…”

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“…Because antimicrobials will still be utilized as a tool to enhance this fight, the quest for efficient medicines necessitates intensive research to detect novel anti-microbial products, particularly those derived from natural sources [18,49,50]. In this aspect, several research studies on the anti-microbial properties of many simple coumarins have been published [51,52]. But even so, the association between their structural properties and antimicrobial potential has received scant attention in the literature.…”