Council house sales, homelessness and contact with the criminal justice system: Evidence from the NCDS and BCS70 birth cohorts

Farrall, Stephen; Gray, Emily; Jones, P

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.07.013

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…All are studies of one locale. In a series of recent papers in the British Journal of Criminology, Geoforum and Politics & Society, Emily Gray, Phil Jones and I explore longitudinal data collected in England, Scotland and Wales (Farrall et al, 2019(Farrall et al, , 2020a(Farrall et al, , 2020b. These data sets are studies of samples of entire birth cohorts, meaning that they are not limited to just those attending a certain school or living in a particular area.…”

Section: Taking Change Over Time Serious Via Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By linking to census data from the 1961, 1971 and 1981 censuses, we were able to analyse two such cohorts (one born in 1958 and the other in 1970). By strategically pairing these data in order to illuminate how structural influences themselves are not invariant we were able to show how social and economic change -sometimes the result of government policies, sometimes the drivers of such policies -influenced their life-courses and experiences of crime (see Farrall et al, 2019Farrall et al, , 2020aFarrall et al, , 2020b. But let us not fall into the trap of thinking that one needs large numbers to explore economic change; qualitative longitudinal research (such as that undertaken by Rod MacDonald, Colin Webster and Tracy Shildrick) can also illuminate such experiences and ought to be part of any future research strategy.…”

Section: Taking Change Over Time Serious Via Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crime and justice research: The current landscape and future possibilities

Sparks

2020

Criminology & Criminal Justice

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The contributions in this themed section developed from conversations that took place at an event hosted by the British Society of Criminology and Criminology & Criminal Justice in April 2019. The papers that follow respond to a ‘think-piece’ presented by Richard Sparks at that event, and engage with the subsequent debate about the future of funding for crime and justice research. Contributors reflect on the opportunities and challenges arising from recent shifts in funding allocations and priorities, from their different vantage points. Highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary and international work, they consider priorities for future investment in crime and justice research and draw attention to the impact of an increasingly restrictive and risk-averse climate on critical research. The papers explore the consequences for criminology as a discipline and warn of the potential reinforcement of existing inequalities in academia unless action is taken to support the development of future researchers.

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Section: Taking Change Over Time Serious Via Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taking Change Over Time Serious Via Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crime and justice research: The current landscape and future possibilities

Sparks

2020

Criminology & Criminal Justice

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“…All are studies of one locale. In a series of recent papers in the British Journal of Criminology, Geoforum and Politics & Society , Emily Gray, Phil Jones and I explore longitudinal data collected in England, Scotland and Wales (Farrall et al, 2019, 2020a, 2020b). These data sets are studies of samples of entire birth cohorts, meaning that they are not limited to just those attending a certain school or living in a particular area.…”

Section: Taking Change Over Time Serious Via Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By linking to census data from the 1961, 1971 and 1981 censuses, we were able to analyse two such cohorts (one born in 1958 and the other in 1970). By strategically pairing these data in order to illuminate how structural influences themselves are not invariant we were able to show how social and economic change – sometimes the result of government policies, sometimes the drivers of such policies – influenced their life-courses and experiences of crime (see Farrall et al, 2019, 2020a, 2020b). But let us not fall into the trap of thinking that one needs large numbers to explore economic change; qualitative longitudinal research (such as that undertaken by Rod MacDonald, Colin Webster and Tracy Shildrick) can also illuminate such experiences and ought to be part of any future research strategy.…”

Section: Taking Change Over Time Serious Via Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Thoughts on Richard Sparks’ report to the Economic and Social Research Council

Farrall

2020

Criminology & Criminal Justice

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ticeacademy.ed.ac.uk/ 16. For example, ESRC has supported the network on Gender Violence Across War and Peace (Christine Chinkin, PI): http://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP007074%2F1. 17. Some of the best of this work has received ESRC support, but it is a bare handful of studies. The post-conviction phases of criminal justice have received shockingly little research council support in recent years-a search on the word 'parole', for example, produces nothing whatsoever. Nor has there been any systematic collation of such work in the United Kingdom since the body of research reports commissioned by the last Royal Commission on Criminal Justice in the early 1990s. 18. For example, McAra and McVie (2010). 19. For example, Ben Crewe's excellent work on very long-term imprisonment: http://gtr.ukri. org/person/27ECD215-3F9F-4556-81B4-58A5633ABC02; Yvonne Jewkes and Dominique Moran's recent work on prison architecture: http://gtr.ukri.org/person/A907A9E2-714C-46FA-82D0-0EE7A2D149AA 20. The recent collaborative initiative involving ESRC, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (FWO) and NordForsk under the aegis of the Nordic Societal Security Programme is a salient example of what new, imaginative, international projects may look like: https://old.nordforsk.org/en/news/nordforsk-invests-in-cyber-security 21. Brown and Eamonn (2017). 22. See further Loader and Sparks (2012) and Bosworth and Hoyle (2011). 23. The Sentencing Council for England and Wales has existed in its current form since 2010. It is an expert body consisting principally of senior members of the judiciary, with some academic representation. The Council issues and monitors 'definitive guidelines' on specific offences. In preparing these, it conducts both analytic (legal, doctrinal) and social research (principally on public opinion and attitudes to sentencing). The Scottish Sentencing Council was established in 2015. It too has research and knowledge exchange functions and its statutory aims include that of 'promoting greater awareness and understanding of sentencing'. 24. Genn et al. (2006). 25. See here, the essays recently brought together in Shearing and Holley (2018). 26. Consider here, for example, the contributions in K. Carrington et al. (eds) (2018) Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and the Global South by White, Brisman and Goyes. 27. Whilst latterly, a growing proportion of such work is produced in universities, sometimes with adequate support from funding bodies (perhaps especially in Brazil, and in Chile), much of it has been accomplished by NGOs. For example, in Argentina organizations such as the Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (CELS) have played and continue to play critical roles: https://www.cels.org.ar/web/

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“…Although foundational theoretical perspectives in developmental and life-course studies of crime are consistent with this point ( 6 , 7 ), the study of how social change influences trajectory groups—including which specific groups, at what life stages, and to what degree—is largely unexamined ( 8 – 10 ). A small body of research examines how average patterns of crime and criminal justice contact across the life course are influenced by the shared social environments of different birth cohorts ( 10 – 16 ). One study shows that cohorts separated by as little as one decade exhibit large variation in average patterns of arrest as they age, reflecting the differing historical contexts in which aging occurs rather than differences in the demographic composition or early-life experiences of various birth cohorts ( 10 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Social change and cohort differences in group-based arrest trajectories over the last quarter-century

Neil

Sampson

Nagin

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This article draws on official criminal histories for multiple birth cohorts spanning a 17-y difference in birth year to study how social change can alter our understanding of influential theories and policies about criminal offender groups. Arrest histories are linked to comprehensive longitudinal measurement on over 1,000 individuals originally from Chicago. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we investigated the magnitude and type of cohort differences in trajectories of arrest over the period 1995 to 2020. Our results show that trajectory group membership varies strongly by birth cohort. Membership in the nonoffender group is nearly 15 percentage points higher for cohorts born in the mid-1990s as compared to those born in the 1980s; conversely, older cohorts are more likely to be members of adolescent-limited and chronic-offender groups. Large cohort differences in trajectory group membership persist after controlling for a wide-ranging set of demographic characteristics and early-life risk factors that vary by cohort and that prior research has identified as important influences on crime. Not only does the effect of social change on cohort differentiation persist, but its magnitude is comparable to—indeed larger than—differences in trajectory group membership associated with varying levels of self-control or by whether individuals grew up in high-poverty households. These results suggest that changes in the broader social environment shared by members of the same birth cohort are as powerful in shaping their trajectory group membership as classic predictors identified in prior research, a finding that carries implications for crime-control policies that rely on prediction.

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Council house sales, homelessness and contact with the criminal justice system: Evidence from the NCDS and BCS70 birth cohorts

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Crime and justice research: The current landscape and future possibilities

Crime and justice research: The current landscape and future possibilities

Some Thoughts on Richard Sparks’ report to the Economic and Social Research Council

Social change and cohort differences in group-based arrest trajectories over the last quarter-century

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