Counseling and psychotherapy with Asian-Americans: Review of the literature.

Abstract

This article is divided into three sections. The first section concerns the diagnosis and assessment of Asian-Americans and covers the following issues: (a) symptom expression, (b) therapist bias, (c) problems with the use of interpreters, and (d) problems with the use of clinical and personality tests. The second section, on counseling and psychotherapy, is divided into three subsections: (a) client variables, (b) therapist variables, and (c) counseling process and outcome. The subsection on client variables covers such issues as the personality of Asian-Americans, language problems, the acculturation process, and counseling expectations. The subsection on therapist variables includes discussion of therapist bias, training bias, lack of intercultural skills, and culture-specific knowledge. The therapy process and outcome subsection reviews empirical studies, clinical case studies, and articles with treatment strategies and recommendations. Research issues as well as research recommendations for each of the areas reviewed are identified and discussed in the third section.Although there has been an increasing effort to demonstrate the efficacy of psychotherapy within the fields of psychology and psychiatry (

An introduction to association rule mining: An application in counseling and help-seeking behavior of adolescents

“…Some researchers have suggested that for Asians, the underutilization of professional psychological help has included lack of knowledge or cultural stigmas (Leong, 1986;Leong & Lau, 2001;Mau & Jepsen, 1988;Yeh, 2002). The present study of adolescent students in Singapore supports such work, since the data indicate that lack of knowledge is one of the reasons why adolescents underutilize formal sources of help.…”

Development and validation of the Acculturative Stress Scale for Chinese College Students in the United States (ASSCS).

“…Leong, Chang, and Lee (2007) noticed that research on specific psychological issues has become a trend in recent research on acculturation. Harwood (1994) suggested researchers redefine acculturation by taking into consideration the impact of globalization, which has blended the borders of different cultures.…”

Toward a Culturally Competent Restorative Justice Practice Framework: A Focus on Asian Americans

“…Several studies (Chang, 1996;Huang et al, 2004;Leong, 1986) report that some members of Asian American populations are less assertive and more submissive than those in non-Asian American populations. In particular, Huang et al note that this demeanor, consistent with Asian values, may result from the struggle for harmony and, consequently, result in discouraging individualism.…”