Counselor Experiencing: Its Implications for Supervision

Lister, James L.

doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1966.tb02168.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…While some supervisees may be able to cope effectively with their feelings of anxiety, many are unable to avoid the negative consequences that are often associated with anxiety. Some of the possible effects of anxiety on the supervision process include reduction in recall of presented materials (Ho, Hosford &Johnson, 1985), counselor defensiveness (Dodge, 1982;Lister, 1966), and reduction in the accuracy of supervisees' self-perceptions (Hosford, 1981).…”

Section: Effects Of Self-observation and Self-as-a-model On Counselormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Self-Observation and Self-as-a-Model on Counselor Trainees' Anxiety and Self-Evaluations

Johnson

1989

The Clinical Supervisor

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Section: Effects Of Self-observation and Self-as-a-model On Counselormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Self-Observation and Self-as-a-Model on Counselor Trainees' Anxiety and Self-Evaluations

Johnson

1989

The Clinical Supervisor

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“…Anxiety may also affect the communication ability of the counselor and reduce his or her influence. Several investigators found that counseling anxiety (a) activates speech productivity while disrupting its flow (Bandura, 1956;Gynther, 1957;Pope, Blass, Siegman, & Roher, 1970;; (b) reduces the counselor's accurate perception of the client (Bergman, 1966); (c) decreases the counselor's recall of words and feelings expressed in a session (Milliken & Kirchner, 1971); and (d) elicits over-elaboration or argumentative behavior from the counselor (Lister, 1966). Thus, researchers seem to agree that counselor anxiety reduces counselor effectiveness for a myriad of reasons.…”

Section: Influences Of Anxiety On Counselor Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding anxiety as a significant element in the performance of the beginning counselor has involved both theoretical and empirical examination. Investigators in the former camp have postulated that anxiety exists for novice counselors (Bauman, 1972;Ekstein & Wallerstein, 1972;Emener, 1973;Hunt, 1962;Gysbers, 1964;Hackney, 1971;Lister, 1966;Mueller & Kell, 1972;Williamson, 1961). Hunt (1962), for example, believed anxiety to be part of a developmental sequence through which a beginning counselor must progress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Observation and Evaluation on Anxiety in Beginning Counselors: A Social Facilitation Analysis

Schauer

Seymour

Geen

1985

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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“…Truax, Carkhuff, and Douds (1964) indicated that (a) the threat of supervisory evaluation would be lessened and (b) communication between the counselor candidate and his supervisor would be improved through the use of measuring scales. Lister (1966) suggested that measuring scales would help the student counselor to focus more directly upon the dimensions of counseling behavior that would enable him to understand and utilize his inner experiences more effectively.…”

Section: The Counselor Activity Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

An Objective Scale for Content‐Analysis of the Counselor's Interview Behavior

Wittmer

1971

Couns Edu & Supervision

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This paper describes a content-analysis scale, the Counselor Activity Profile, that can be used to objectively and systematically quantify and profile a counselor's interview behavior according to the amount of interview time devoted to various discrete counseling responses. Research done with the scale is also described.Attempts to identify and evaluate the interview behavior of the effective counselor have absorbed the time and energy of many researchers. Much of this research has resulted in the development of scales used to analyze the counselor-client interaction (Amidon, 1965;Dipboye, 1954;Porter, 1943). For the most part, the emphasis in counseling content-analysis research has been aimed toward distinguishing the levels of counselor interview behavior such as empathy, warmth, and genuineness (Truax, 1961).These content-analysis scales have provided a useful method for global ratings of process or constructs and have provided means for evaluating a counselor's effectiveness. However, the highly subjective nature of many of these scales has been a hindrance to scientific research as the inter-rater reliability coefficients are often low.As counseling acquires the status of a scientific discipline, more objective research should be done in regard to the actual contributions of the counselor to the interview. For example, the literature abounds with research studies that yield the statistical evidence of the effectiveness or noneffectiveness of counseling; however, few if any of these studies indicate how the experimental counselor utilizes his time. If counseling is to approach a scientific discipline, research on the effects of counseling should include an investigation of the methods used by the counselor. That is, an actual interpretation of the counselor's time utilization should accompany research that is addressed to determining the effectiveness of counseling. This type of content-analysis would provide for a more accurate replication of the research.Joe Wittmer is Associate Professor, Department of Counselor Education, University of Florida, Gainesville. Spring, 1971 283 The counseling interaction process is often subjective behavior; however, it is possible to objectively quantify subjective counseling responses. It is clear that the counselor sets the climate of the helping relationship, and equally clear is the need for increased attention to the techniques and procedures utilized by the counselor in setting this climate.This article's purpose is to describe a content-analysis scale that can be used to objectively and systematically quantify and profile a counselor's interview behavior according to the amount of interview time devoted to various discrete counseling responses. The scale is known as the Counselor Activity Profile (CAP). The Counselor Activity ProfileThe Counselor Activity Profile (CAP) was developed as an effort to improve the quality of counseling practicum supervision. Truax, Carkhuff, and Douds (1964) indicated that (a) the threat of supervisory evaluation would be lessened an...

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Counselor Experiencing: Its Implications for Supervision

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Self-Observation and Self-as-a-Model on Counselor Trainees' Anxiety and Self-Evaluations

Effects of Self-Observation and Self-as-a-Model on Counselor Trainees' Anxiety and Self-Evaluations

Effects of Observation and Evaluation on Anxiety in Beginning Counselors: A Social Facilitation Analysis

An Objective Scale for Content‐Analysis of the Counselor's Interview Behavior

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