Counter-Based Broadcast Scheme Considering Reachability, Network Density, and Energy Efficiency for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is emerging as an innovative method for gathering information that will significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of infrastructure systems. Broadcast is a common method to disseminate information in WSNs. A variety of counter-based broadcast schemes have been proposed to mitigate the broadcast-storm problems, using the count threshold value and a random access delay. However, because of the limited propagation of the broadcast-message, there exists a trade-off in a sense that redundant retransmissions of the broadcast-message become low and energy efficiency of a node is enhanced, but reachability become low. Therefore, it is necessary to study an efficient counter-based broadcast scheme that can dynamically adjust the random access delay and count threshold value to ensure high reachability, low redundant of broadcast-messages, and low energy consumption of nodes. Thus, in this paper, we first measure the additional coverage provided by a node that receives the same broadcast-message from two neighbor nodes, in order to achieve high reachability with low redundant retransmissions of broadcast-messages. Second, we propose a new counter-based broadcast scheme considering the size of the additional coverage area, distance between the node and the broadcasting node, remaining battery of the node, and variations of the node density. Finally, we evaluate performance of the proposed scheme compared with the existing counter-based broadcast schemes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes in terms of saved rebroadcasts, reachability, and total energy consumption.

Fast Multicast With Adjusting Transmission Power and Active Slots in Software Define IoT

“…However, in such a method, a serious broadcast storm will occur, which will seriously affect the lifetime of the network. The Counter-Based Broadcast (DCB) scheme [60] is a commonly used effective method to reduce broadcast storms. In the DCB scheme, the system sets two values for each node, one value is called the threshold of count and is usually represented by ℎ [60].…”

“…Two important metrics in multicast are energy consumption and delivery delay [46]. Since sensor nodes are generally powered by battery, their energy is very tight, so code dissemination should save as much energy as possible [59], [60]. There have been many researches on energy saving for sensor nodes, including routing strategies, load balancing, adjusting transmission power, cooperative communication, and other technologies.…”

QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Reference [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] focus on wireless sensor networks in general and aim to improve delay, energy, and/or link quality. These references propose novel cross-layer (MAC/NET) protocols to reduce the routing complexity and reachability in the network by taking account of the duty cycle.…”

Adding Edges for Maximizing Weighted Reachability

“…The problem of improving the reachability of a graph is an important graph-theoretical question, which finds applications in several areas. There are several recent possible application scenarios for this problem, for example suggesting friends in a social network in order to increase the spreading of information [1][2][3], reducing the convergence time of random walk processes to perform faster network simulations [4,5], improving wireless sensor networks resilience [6] and even control elections in social networks [7,8].…”