“…For this research, the term "alternative online media" is employed to distinguish it from professional online media often referred to as mainstream media, which can be defined as news media organizations characterized by a more hierarchical organizational structure, employment of professional journalists, more definite publishing routines and commercial financing (Holt et al, 2019;Reiter & Matthes, 2021). The presence of alternative online media, on one hand, challenges the monopoly of professional media coverage, particularly concerning their effort of winning engagement on social media (Şahin & Ün, 2022;Reiter & Matthes, 2021).…”