Countercurrent extraction of nicotine from tobacco juice

Abstract

The countercurrent extraction of nicotine from aqueous solution and tobacco juice, using kerosene and hexane as solvents, was investigated. A 57-mm-diameter column was operated in three modes: as a spray tower, packed with Raschig rings, and packed with Multifil high-efficiency packing.Volume-based mass-transfer coefficients and HTU (height of a transfer unit) values were evaluated for various solvent/liquid ratios and various pH values. The HTU values were found to vary between 10.1 and 0.7 m depending on the operating parameters selected.

Evaluation of Mass-transfer Performance of Emulsion-flow Column with Height of Transfer Unit (HTU) and Number of Theoretical Plates, and Comparison of HTU with Column-type Extractors

“…Conventional spray columns are operated by dispersing liquid into another bulk liquid with relatively large droplet diameters, to avoid the problem of flooding. Typical HTU values for those spray columns were found in the report by Millen and Murphy21 . The values are several meters at its minimum.…”

“…(A) shows HTU values for extractors with agitation mechanisms[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Table 1(B) presents HTU values for extractors without active agitation were presented[20][21][22][23] . The emulsion-flow column is included in Table 1(B).Extractors shown in Table1(A) were equipped with a mechanical stirrer or a liquid pulsing mechanism to enhance the mixing of aqueous and organic liquid.…”

Salt Effect on Ethanol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems Applied to Alkaloids Partition: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach

“…In general, alkaloids are important for different areas of the economy, industry, trade, and services and can be used in some applications as well as agricultural insecticide or health medicines. , The nicotine detection in trace levels is crucial, considering its addictive property . Meanwhile, caffeine plays an important role in the medical field and sports science, − and food engineering. , Common methods used for extraction of these alkaloids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, − liquid–liquid − and solid–liquid extraction with organic solvents, present low extraction yields. Besides, these methods can generate undesirable compounds, in addition to using toxic organic solvents …”

Nicotine aqueous solutions: pH-measurements and salting-out effects - analysis of the effective Gibbs energies of hydration and ionic strengths of the solutions

“…1,[4][5][6] On the other hand, nicotine recently started to appear, albeit with concerns, as a potentially useful drug for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases. [10][11][12][13][14] Thus, it has become an emerging necessity to develop methods that are more environmentally friendly. However, common organic (toxic) solvents still play the main role in such applications.…”