Countercurrent reactor design and flowsheet for iodine-sulfur thermochemical water splitting process

Leybros, Jean; Carles, Philippe; Borgard, Jean-Marc

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.007

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…First, the excessive water is removed using suitable techniques such as flashing and then the concentrated sulfuric acid is vaporized and superheated. In the next step, the vaporized sulfuric acid is heated to be spontaneously decomposed into water, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide in the presence of suitable catalysts such as Fe 2 O 3 . These reactions are described by the following chemical equations:

{normalH}_{2} S {normalO}_{4} (g) \to {normalH}_{2} O(g)+S {normalO}_{3} (g)

S {normalO}_{3} (g) \leftrightarrow S {normalO}_{2} g+ \frac{1}{2} {normalO}_{2} (g)

…”

Section: Sulfur‐iodine Thermochemical Water‐splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both reactions are highly endothermic and smoothly proceed without side reactions at high equilibrium conversion ratio. These reactions occur in the temperature range of 673.2–1173.2 K and operating pressure of about 5 bar . It is required to mention that reactions (4) and (5) are performed in separate reactors; however, in the simple schematic of the cycle as in Figure , these two reactors are not separated for the sake of figure simplicity.…”

Section: Sulfur‐iodine Thermochemical Water‐splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the famous practical approaches about this cycle have been proposed and developed by well‐known international companies and organizations such as General Atomics (GA) and Westinghouse in the USA, Commissariat al' Engergie Atomique (CEA) in France, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), and Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). Sulfur‐iodine cycle was first proposed by GAA and the new flowchart for sulfur‐iodine cycle was proposed within the collaborative framework of International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative Project (I‐NERI) at the United States Department of Energy (DOE) at General Atomics . Lybros et al considered the effects of operational parameters including the possible decrease of excessive amounts of iodine and water, reaction temperature, and phase separation on the Bunsen reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…JAERI [9] continued the study in 2003 and an alternative flowsheet utilizing a countercurrent multiphase reactor was developed by CEA in 2009. [13] In addition several experimental studies on S-I were conducted in Japan. [14][15][16] Preliminary experimental examinations were carried out to investigate compositions of the solutions for the Bunsen reaction, on which the operation is based and hydrogen production at the rate of 32 l/h for 20 h was successfully accomplished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equilibrium conversion and reaction analysis in sulfur‐iodine thermochemical hydrogen production cycle

2015

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Equilibrium conditions of the main reactions of the SI cycle were studied in this paper. The extent of reaction for two main reactions of this cycle including sulfuric acid decomposition and hydrogen iodide decomposition was evaluated as a function of temperature, pressure, and initial mole number of reactants. In the reaction modelling of sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide decompositions, two models including simple and multiple reaction models were considered. In the simple model, it was assumed that two decomposition reactions proceeded independently. However, in the multiple reaction model, both reactions were considered simultamneously. It was shown that the Bunsen reaction completely proceeded in the range of operating conditions of the Bunsen reactor. Also, sulfuric acid was demonstrated to be decomposed at a higher rate when the reaction temperature and initial concentration of the sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide increased. Furthermore, the operating pressure had to be maintained at lower values and the generated sulfur dioxide had to be withdrawn from the reactor in order to have a higher yield of product in this reactor. Finally, in the hydrogen iodide decomposition, the operating pressure, temperature, and concentration of hydrogen iodide had to be maintained at higher values to have a complete reaction. Moreover, the generated hydrogen was shown to be withdrawn from the hydrogen iodide reactor to prevent from backward reaction.

show abstract

{normalH}_{2} S {normalO}_{4} (g) \to {normalH}_{2} O(g)+S {normalO}_{3} (g)

S {normalO}_{3} (g) \leftrightarrow S {normalO}_{2} g+ \frac{1}{2} {normalO}_{2} (g)

…”

Section: Sulfur‐iodine Thermochemical Water‐splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfur‐iodine Thermochemical Water‐splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Equilibrium conversion and reaction analysis in sulfur‐iodine thermochemical hydrogen production cycle

2015

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“…The SI cycle was initially introduced by the General Atomic (GA) Company [1] and has been extensively studied in Japan [2,3], France [4,5], and China [6]. Currently, the process is well defined as a whole according to the flowsheet studies performed by GA. As presented in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sulfur-iodine flowsheet using precipitation, electrodialysis, and membrane separation to produce hydrogen

Shin

Lee

Chang

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Investigation of hydrogen production by sulfur‐iodine thermochemical water splitting cycle using renewable energy source

Mehrpooya

Ghorbani

Ekrataleshian

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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In this study, a novel integrated structure for generation of the oxygen, hydrogen, power, and hot water by employing thermochemical reactors and solar dish collectors is proposed. The presented process including solar dish collectors, sulfuriodine thermochemical cycle, and Organic Rankine Cycle. In this configuration, for 5854 kmol/h of inlet water, 2236 kmol/h of oxygen, and 4432 kmol/h of hydrogen are produced. This system can provide 22 666 kW of power that 22 026 kW is utilized in the sulfur-iodine reaction. So, the net electrical power is found to be 640 kW. A general exergy analysis is carried out on the whole structure and equipment to find its exergy losses and improvement potential to enhance the exergy efficiency of the system. The total exergy efficiency of the process is calculated 56.33% and its exergy destruction is obtained 382 301.31 kW.Heat exchangers and solar collectors have the highest values of destructed exergy, which about 69% of destructed exergy is related to them. These devices have a strong potential for enhancement. The results showed that component P1 (pump) has the lowest exergy efficiency that is 15.58%, while its exergy destruction is not the greatest. Therefore, for having a better examination of this structure, both exergy efficiency and exergy destruction parameters should be evaluated simultaneously. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is applied to survey the performance of some performance indicators vs different design parameters. It is concluded that by an increase in generated heat by solar collectors, exergy efficiency, energy efficiency, oxygen, and hydrogen production faces increment.

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Countercurrent reactor design and flowsheet for iodine-sulfur thermochemical water splitting process

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Equilibrium conversion and reaction analysis in sulfur‐iodine thermochemical hydrogen production cycle

Equilibrium conversion and reaction analysis in sulfur‐iodine thermochemical hydrogen production cycle

A sulfur-iodine flowsheet using precipitation, electrodialysis, and membrane separation to produce hydrogen

Investigation of hydrogen production by sulfur‐iodine thermochemical water splitting cycle using renewable energy source

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