Counterion binding in polyelectrolyte theory

Manning, Gerald S.

doi:10.1021/ar50144a004

Cited by 653 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The persistence length for double-stranded DNA is 80 nm, 90 significantly longer than the 25 base and 22 base long duplexes used in our experiments, which were only around 9.5 and 8.5 nm long, respectively. Thus, the dsDNA approximates to a rigid cylinder with an effective diameter, including the 0.5 nm thick countercation sheath due to Manning condensation, 91 of 3 nm attached to the gold surface through the six gold thiol bonds by a flexible hexaethyleneglycol (HEG) linkage 1.2 nm long. The measurements of surface coverage give an average surface area of 0.016 nm 2 for the 25 base long DNA probe so that, on average, the strands are 8.5 nm apart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS-Melting: A New Method for Discriminating Mutations in DNA Sequences

et al. 2008

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Abstract:The reliable discrimination of mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and other differences in genomic sequence is an essential part of DNA diagnostics and forensics. It is commonly achieved using fluorescently labeled DNA probes and thermal gradients to distinguish between the matched and mismatched DNA. Here, we describe a novel method that uses surface enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy (SER(R)S) to follow denaturation of dsDNA attached to a structured gold surface. This denaturation is driven either electrochemically or thermally on SERS active sphere segment void (SSV) gold substrates. Using this method, we can distinguish between wild type, a single point mutation (1653C/ T), and a triple deletion (∆F 508) in the CFTR gene at the 0.02 attomole level, and the method can be used to differentiate the unpurified PCR products of the wild type and ∆F 508 mutation. Our method has the potential to provide small, rapid, sensitive, reproducible platforms for detecting genetic variations and sequencing genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS-Melting: A New Method for Discriminating Mutations in DNA Sequences

et al. 2008

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“…For higher molecular weight (N > 100) at I = 0.02 M NaPSS is in random coil conformation and the degree of counterion binding becomes independent of the average molecular mass. Also, according to Manning [24], the number of bound counterions doesn't depend on the ionic strength or the concentration of free counterions. Nevertheless, when the ionic strength increases, the effective charge on polyions decreases [21] (analogously to the shrinking of diffuse part of ionic atmosphere of micelles).…”

Section: Dls Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, small angle X-ray scattering method was used for studying the structure of salt free polyelectrolytes solutions containing monovalent and divadoi.org/10.26565/2220-637X-2017-28-02 13 lent counter-ions [22], binding of Cd 2+ and Na + ions by poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) was also analyzed by ultrafiltration [23]. In most cases the investigation of counterion condensation based on Manning's theory [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Ionic and Non-Ionic Additives on the Acid Strength of Neutral Red in the Aqueous Solutions of Poly (Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate)

Moskaeva¹

2017

Chemical

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Polyions of poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) in aqueous solution may be considered as colloidal pseudophase. Analogously to micelles, some species can be bind by the charged polyelectrolyte coils. In this paper, the colored acid-base indicator dyes were used for studying the penetration of ionic and non-ionic solution components in polyelectrolyte coils. Such analysis relies on alteration of the acid strength of dyes. The aim of this work was to determine the dependences of the apparent ionization constants of neutral red, app a K , on the ionic strength of solution, I, in different mixed systems containing poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) and tetraethylammonium bromide, tetra-n-butylammonium iodide, or 1-butanol with NaCl. Neutral red is fixed in the polyelectrolyte coils due to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The polyelectrolyte : dye concentration ratio, P : D, an important parameter for spectophotometrical measurements, equals 100. It was found that tetra-n-alkylammonium salts display a stronger influence on the acid strength of neutral red as compared with that of NaCl. For instance, in the case of tetraethylammonium bromide app a pK = 7.90 ± 0.07 at I = 0.02 M whereas app a pK = 8.45 ± 0.04 with NaCl at the same ionic strength. It can be explained by specifical adsorption tetra-n-alkylammonium cations on polyions 'surface'. Introduction of 1-butanol significantly increases the acid strength of neutral red too, however its influence isn't monotonic with change of ionic strength. The dependences of app a pK on log I were discussed in terms of regularities which are well-known for surfactant micellar systems. All mentioned systems were also examined by dynamic light scattering measurements using Zetasizer Nano ZS Malvern Instruments apparatus. As it turned out, when the ionic strength is 3×10 -3 М or more the size (by number) of polyions in the presence of NaCl is of about 7 nm. Introduction of the additives results in somewhat higher size: in the case of 1-butanol the size of NaPSS is 10 nm.

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“…The fully modified duplex S6:S7 increased its T m by 35°C, which is slightly more than twice the starting value at 0.05 M NaCl. We further determined the relative counter ion uptake Δn (Table 5) according to classical polyelectrolyte theory, [17] using the transition enthalpy (H) data from Table 4. The fully modified iso-bc system S6:S7 screens about twice as much counter ions upon duplex formation than the corresponding unmodified duplex and about a third more than the hybrid duplex.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of Duplex Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Isobicyclo‐DNA

Gerber

Leumann

2013

Chemistry A European J

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Abstract:We present the synthesis of the iso-bicyclo DNA building blocks with the nucleobases A, C, G and T, as well as biophysical and biological properties of oligonucleotides derived thereof. The synthesis of the sugar part was achieved in 5 steps starting from a known intermediate of the tricyclo-DNA synthesis. Dodecamers containing single iso-bicyclo thymidine incorporations, fully modified A-and T-containing sequences and fully modified oligonucleotides containing all four bases were synthesized and characterized. Iso-bicyclo DNA forms stable duplexes with natural nucleic acids with a pronounced preference for DNA over RNA as complements. The most stable duplexes, however, arise by self-pairing. Iso-bicyclo DNA forms preferentially B-DNA-like duplexes with DNA and A-like duplexes with complementary RNA as determined by CD-spectroscopy. Self-paired duplexesshow a yet unknown structure, as judged from CD-spectroscopy. Biochemical tests revealed that isobicyclo DNA is stable in fetal bovine serum and does not elicit RNase H activity.

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Counterion binding in polyelectrolyte theory

Cited by 653 publications

References 41 publications

SERS-Melting: A New Method for Discriminating Mutations in DNA Sequences

SERS-Melting: A New Method for Discriminating Mutations in DNA Sequences

Influence of the Ionic and Non-Ionic Additives on the Acid Strength of Neutral Red in the Aqueous Solutions of Poly (Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate)

Synthesis and Properties of Isobicyclo‐DNA

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