Countermovement Jump Recovery in Professional Soccer Players Using an Inertial Sensor

McHugh, Malachy P.; Clifford, Tom; Abbott, Will; Kwiecien, Susan Y.; Kremenic, Ian J.; DeVita, Joseph J.; Howatson, Glyn

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0131

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Veritably, studies have neither been consistent nor produced compelling evidence to support the role of cryotherapy in reducing inflammation and improving aspects of recovery (Leeder et al, 2012), and it has been suggested that many of the previously reported benefits of cryotherapy could simply be due to a placebo effect, rather than any physiological effect (Broatch et al, 2014). Despite the promising findings from recent studies using cold PCM as a recovery aid (Clifford et al, 2018; McHugh et al, 2018), and that applying these garments has been shown to reduce muscle temperature (Kwiecien et al, 2018), there is no evidence to suggest that cold PCM reduces inflammation. As such, it is possible that PCM cold had no effect on the inflammatory processes suggested to interfere with contractile and CNS function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of PCM has many logistical and practical benefits due to being easily transportable, the lower level of thermal discomfort compared with cryotherapy, and capacity to maintain low temperatures for a prolonged period of time (Kwiecien et al, 2018). A recent study applied cold PCM to the quadriceps for 3 h following competitive soccer match-play and found reduced muscle soreness and accelerated recovery of MVC (Clifford et al, 2018), findings which have since been corroborated (McHugh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While the precise underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, cryotherapy is purported to reduce muscle temperature and attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress (White and Wells, 2013). A recently implemented form of cryotherapy that has produced encouraging results as a recovery aid is phase change material; PCM (Clifford et al, 2018; Kwiecien et al, 2018; McHugh et al, 2018). Phase change material is a substance with a high heat fusion, which melts and solidifies at certain temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the promising results of recent studies (Clifford et al, 2018; Kwiecien et al, 2018; McHugh et al, 2018), more evidence is required to substantiate the efficacy of PCM as a recovery intervention and to gain mechanistic insight into the potential benefits of PCM on recovery. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of wearing cold PCM garments on recovery of neuromuscular function, as well as physical and perceptual measures following soccer match-play.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Phase Change Material on Recovery of Neuromuscular Function Following Competitive Soccer Match-Play

et al. 2019

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Aim: Cryotherapy is commonly implemented following soccer match-play in an attempt to accelerate the natural time-course of recovery, but the effect of this intervention on neuromuscular function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of donning lower-body garments fitted with cooled phase change material (PCM) on recovery of neuromuscular function following competitive soccer match-play. Methods: Using a randomized, crossover design, 11 male semi-professional soccer players wore PCM cooled to 15°C (PCM cold ) or left at ambient temperature (PCM amb ; sham control) for 3 h following soccer match-play. Pre-, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-match, participants completed a battery of neuromuscular, physical, and perceptual tests. Maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) and twitch responses to electrical (femoral nerve) and magnetic (motor cortex) stimulation (TMS) during isometric knee-extension and at rest were measured to assess central nervous system (CNS) (voluntary activation, VA) and muscle contractile (quadriceps potentiated twitch force, Q tw,pot ) function. Fatigue and perceptions of muscle soreness were assessed via visual analog scales, and physical function was assessed through measures of jump [countermovement jump (CMJ) height and reactive strength index (RSI)] performance. A belief questionnaire was completed pre- and post-intervention to determine the perceived effectiveness of each garment. Results: Competitive soccer match-play elicited persistent decrements in MVC, VA measured with femoral nerve stimulation, Q tw,pot , as well as reactive strength, fatigue and muscle soreness ( P < 0.05). Both MVC and VA were higher at 48 h post-match after wearing PCM cold compared with PCM amb ( P < 0.05). However, there was no effect of PCM on the magnitude or time-course of recovery for any other neuromuscular, physical function, or perceptual indices studied ( P > 0.05). The belief questionnaire revealed that players perceived that both PCM cold and PCM amb were moderately effective in improving recovery, with no difference between the two interventions ( P = 0.56). Conclusion: Although wearing cooled PCM garments improved MVC and VA 48 h following match-play, the lack of effect on measures of physical function or perceptual responses to match-play suggest that PCM offers a limited benefit to the recovery process. The lack of effect could have been due to the relatively small magnitude of change in most of the outcome measures studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Phase Change Material on Recovery of Neuromuscular Function Following Competitive Soccer Match-Play

et al. 2019

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“…The purpose of the eccentric phase of a jump is to store elastic energy in the muscle tendon units of the prime movers to augment COM propulsion. [23][24][25][26] Elastic energy is best utilized by a rapid transition from the eccentric countermovement to the concentric propulsion. 12 A rapid transition from countermovement to propulsion would equate to maximal acceleration occurring during this phase and would be evident in peak force occurring at low position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a biomechanically efficient vertical ground reaction force profile for countermovement jumps?

McHugh

Hickok

Cohen

et al. 2020

Transl. Sports. Med.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether countermovement jump (CMJ) metrics differed based on whether or not peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) occurred at the lowest point of the countermovement (low position). CMJs from 100 athletes were categorized based on whether or not the peak force occurred at low position and whether they had unimodal or bimodal GRF profiles. CMJ metrics were compared between jump categories and between athletes with above average, average, and below average jump heights. Peak force occurred at low position in 52% of jumps. The majority of jumps were bimodal (78%) and in 73% of bimodal jumps the first peak was higher than the second peak. Both performance metrics (5% higher jump, 25% greater reactive strength index) and most braking phase metrics were superior for jumps in which peak force coincided with low position (P < .01). Peak force occurred at low position in 76% of above average jumps, 50% of average jumps, and 37% of below average jumps (P = .019). The optimal profile for CMJ performance is one in which peak force occurs at low position, regardless of whether it is unimodal or bimodal. This provides a qualitative means of identifying biomechanically efficient jumps.

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Comparisons of countermovement jump force profiles in youth athletes

et al. 2021

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The purposes of this study were to determine whether countermovement jump (CMJ) force profiles differ for jumps in which peak force occurred at the low position of the countermovement (LP) compared to jumps in which peak force did not occur at the low position of the countermovement (NLP), and compare relationships among CMJ and isokinetic metrics between groups. Thirty‐nine male and female youth athletes between 9‐ and 17‐year‐old participated. Participants completed CMJs and isokinetic knee extensions from 60 to 300°·s−1. Ground reaction forces were collected during CMJs to quantify unweighting, braking, propulsive, and performance metrics. Torque and power were quantified during all isokinetic knee extensions. Forty‐one percent of participants had LP force profiles, while 59% of participants had NLP force profiles. The LP group had more efficient unweighting and braking phase metrics than the NLP group, while the NLP group had greater isokinetic torque and power, and greater relationships between CMJ and isokinetic metrics, than the LP group. CMJs from the LP group represent more biomechanically efficient jumps than CMJs from the NLP group. Additionally, the NLP group may be more reliant on concentric force production during the CMJ, while the LP group may have more efficient storage and utilization of elastic energy.

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Countermovement Jump Recovery in Professional Soccer Players Using an Inertial Sensor

Abstract: This small portable inertial sensor provides a practical means of assessing recovery in soccer players.

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Phase Change Material on Recovery of Neuromuscular Function Following Competitive Soccer Match-Play

The Effect of Phase Change Material on Recovery of Neuromuscular Function Following Competitive Soccer Match-Play

Is there a biomechanically efficient vertical ground reaction force profile for countermovement jumps?

Comparisons of countermovement jump force profiles in youth athletes

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