Country differences in transmissibility, age distribution and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2: a global ecological analysis

Favas, Caroline; Jarrett, Prudence; Ratnayake, Ruwan; Watson, Oliver J; Checchi, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.004

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, this may be less to do with response efforts and more to do with population characteristics (e.g. age, outdoor social mixing) [39] and/or inadequate surveillance. Anecdotal reports as well as recent studies suggest that the impact in terms of mortality was indeed much higher than reported [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating COVID-19 decision-making in a humanitarian setting: The case study of Somalia

Warsame

Fuje²,

Checchi

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The global COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in its scope and impact. While a great deal of research has been directed towards the response in high-income countries, relatively little is known about the way in which decision-makers in low-income and crisis-affected countries have contended with the epidemic. Through use of an a priori decision framework, we aimed to evaluate the process of policy and operational decision-making in relation to the COVID-19 response in Somalia, a chronically fragile country, focusing particularly on the use of information and the role of transparency. We undertook a desk review, observed a number of key decision-making fora and conducted a series of key informant and focus group discussions with a range of decision-makers including state authority, civil society, humanitarian and development actors. We found that nearly all actors struggled to make sense of the scale of the epidemic and form an appropriate response. Decisions made during the early months had a large impact on the course of the epidemic response. Decision-makers relied heavily on international norms and were constrained by a number of factors within the political environment including resource limitations, political contestation and low population adherence to response measures. Important aspects of the response suffered from a transparency deficit and would have benefitted from more inclusive decision-making. Development of decision support tools appropriate for crisis-affected settings that explicitly deal with individual and environmental decision factors could lead to more effective and timely epidemic response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating COVID-19 decision-making in a humanitarian setting: The case study of Somalia

Warsame

Fuje²,

Checchi

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

Self Cite

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“…The estimated prevalence (C19-Prev) is defined as the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per 1 million population, while the crude mortality rate (CMR) is defined as the number of confirmed deaths due to COVID-19 per 1 million population, and the case-fatality ratio (CFR) is the ratio of deaths to total cases of COVID-19, expressed as a percentage. Though these measures have certain inherent limitations due to variations in testing, reporting and death certification practices, they have been widely used to quantify the severity of the pandemic at a cross-national level (Favas et al, 2022 ). Information on these variables was obtained from the Johns Hopkins University's global COVID-19 data aggregator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries

Rajkumar

2022

Front. Sociol.

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Emergent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been frequently reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may affect up to 17–18% of individuals. There is preliminary evidence that pandemic severity, cultural values, restrictions imposed by governments, and Internet usage may all influence the emergence of PTSD symptomatology. In this study, possible linear- and non-linear associations between these factors and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms across 35 countries were examined based on data from existing research. Evidence was found for a positive logarithmic relationship between the COVID-19 case-fatality ratio and PTSD (p = 0.046), a positive logarithmic relationship between power distance and PTSD (p = 0.047), and a trend toward a negative quadratic association with Internet usage (p = 0.051). No significant cross-national effect was observed for government restrictiveness. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at minimizing COVID-19 deaths, and at ensuring equitable access to essential resources, may be of use in reducing the emergence of PTSD symptoms at a population level during this pandemic.

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“…Notwithstanding these challenges, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to be minimally impacted by the pandemic, with fewer confirmed and reported COVID-19 cases and mortalities than elsewhere. The demographic distribution (a key epidemiological indicator of disease transmission), low case detection rate due to insufficient testing capacity, epidemiological disparities, and timely implementation of NPIs best explain the variations in the burden of COVID-19 observed across different settings ( Evans et al, 2020 ; Favas et al, 2022 ; Ram & Schaposnik, 2021 ; Taboe et al, 2020 ). The young population age-structure in Africa with a median age of 19 years is significant in limiting morbidity and mortality associated with the disease ( Favas et al, 2022 ; Ram & Schaposnik, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demographic distribution (a key epidemiological indicator of disease transmission), low case detection rate due to insufficient testing capacity, epidemiological disparities, and timely implementation of NPIs best explain the variations in the burden of COVID-19 observed across different settings ( Evans et al, 2020 ; Favas et al, 2022 ; Ram & Schaposnik, 2021 ; Taboe et al, 2020 ). The young population age-structure in Africa with a median age of 19 years is significant in limiting morbidity and mortality associated with the disease ( Favas et al, 2022 ; Ram & Schaposnik, 2021 ). Evidence from various studies has associated a greater risk of disease severity and mortality with older and immunocompromised individuals ( Davies et al, 2020 ; Sadarangani et al, 2021 ; Simeni Njonnou et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of age structure and vaccine prioritization on COVID-19 in West Africa

Taboe¹,

Asare-Baah²,

Yesmin³

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Modelling

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Country differences in transmissibility, age distribution and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2: a global ecological analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluating COVID-19 decision-making in a humanitarian setting: The case study of Somalia

Evaluating COVID-19 decision-making in a humanitarian setting: The case study of Somalia

The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries

The impact of age structure and vaccine prioritization on COVID-19 in West Africa

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