County-Nonprofit Service Arrangements: The Roles of Federal and State Fiscal Involvement

Farmer, Jayce L.

doi:10.1093/publius/pju024

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…New research has determined that federal and state fiscal transfers stimulate county-nonprofit collaboration in service provision, and that this effect is more pronounced in areas with less population density (i.e., suburban areas; Farmer, 2015). Because smaller, fragmented jurisdictions have weaker tax bases than large cities, they must rely on external funding more, and governmental transfers may thus have a more stimulative effect on cross-sector collaboration (Farmer, 2015).…”

Section: Interorganizational Collaboration Formation In Suburbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because smaller, fragmented jurisdictions have weaker tax bases than large cities, they must rely on external funding more, and governmental transfers may thus have a more stimulative effect on cross-sector collaboration (Farmer, 2015). By the same logic, within-region disparities in funding within lower-density places may deter robust network formation (cf.…”

Section: Interorganizational Collaboration Formation In Suburbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because American suburbs and exurbs are simply newer relative to more central urban areas, social service funding in those areas is more sparse, intermittent, and inconsistent (Schildt, 2012), with negative ramifications for county-nonprofit collaboration formation (cf. Farmer, 2015). Logically, the unprecedented retrenchment in public fiscal support for social services during the Great Recession only exacerbated this disparity.…”

Section: Interorganizational Collaboration Formation In Suburbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Contra Costa, as one participant explained, this creates "microenvironments of race, poverty, lifestyle, dot dot dot" in which well-to-do municipalities are unlikely to share their tax base with separate, poorer communities just down the freeway, thus perpetuating cross-county resource inequities. As a result, individual service providers operating within a smaller and less robust tax base must supplement their budgets with external resources, creating an even more important role for the county (Farmer, 2015). And although recent research suggests that the receipt of external (state or federal) funding can indeed stimulate cross-sector collaboration in low-density counties (Farmer, 2015), it is also known that intermittent or inconsistent government funding undermines the focus of a provider network on supra-organizational issues such as policy change or safety net re-structuring (Farmer, 2015;Garrow, 2011).…”

Section: Suburban Challenges To Collaboration Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, individual service providers operating within a smaller and less robust tax base must supplement their budgets with external resources, creating an even more important role for the county (Farmer, 2015). And although recent research suggests that the receipt of external (state or federal) funding can indeed stimulate cross-sector collaboration in low-density counties (Farmer, 2015), it is also known that intermittent or inconsistent government funding undermines the focus of a provider network on supra-organizational issues such as policy change or safety net re-structuring (Farmer, 2015;Garrow, 2011). The unprecedented federal-, state-, and county-level social service cutbacks in Contra Costa during the Great Recession are certainly an illustrative example of this latter point.…”

Section: Suburban Challenges To Collaboration Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Impact of the Great Recession on County Human-Service Organizations: A Cross-Case Analysis

Graaf

Hengeveld-Bidmon

Carnochan

et al. 2015

Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Gover

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Interorganizational Collaboration Formation In Suburbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interorganizational Collaboration Formation In Suburbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interorganizational Collaboration Formation In Suburbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suburban Challenges To Collaboration Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suburban Challenges To Collaboration Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Impact of the Great Recession on County Human-Service Organizations: A Cross-Case Analysis

Graaf

Hengeveld-Bidmon

Carnochan

et al. 2015

Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Gover

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obstacles to Social Service Collaboration in Response to the Great Recession: The Case of the Contra Costa County Safety Net Initiative

Radu¹,

Carnochan²,

Austin³

2015

Journal of Community Practice

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Testing a relationship between special districts and nonprofits: Do they substitute or complement?

Park

2023

Social Science Quarterly

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As similar modes of public service delivery on behalf of general-purpose governments, a relationship between special districts(SD) and nonprofit organization are empirically tested. Methods: Using U.S. data from the Census of Government Finance and the National Center for Charitable Statistics databases between 1997 and 2017, this study regress counts and spending level of SDs on the nonprofits' counterparts. Results: For both counts and spending level, there are positive association between SDs and nonprofit organizations. Conclusion: SDs and nonprofit organizations complement each other even when their service domains overlap.Nonprofit sector in the United States has steadily grown both in the numbers of organizations and financial size (NCCS Team 2020). From 2006 to 2016, the nonprofit numbers registered at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) increased by 4.5 percent. In the same period, the nonprofits' revenue (24.2 percent) and asset values (30.7 percent) significantly rose, both of which exceeded the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) growth rate (13.6 percent). Nonprofits are increasingly seen as alternative providers of public services or as collaborators funded by government financial aid (Young 2000). However, empirical studies often show inconsistent findings, which may arise due to the diverse contexts of their analyses like examining the issue at different levels of government and measurements, impairing a consensus of validity for their arguments (Matsunaga and Yamauchi 2004).This study unravels government-nonprofit relations by distinguishing the role of special district (SD), the quasi-governmental unit that provides fewer services at the designated area with fiscal and administrative independence from cities and counties (or general-purpose governments). Regional governmental agencies across vast geographical areas with a single purpose are not considered as SDs, as they are authorized by federal legislation and/or administrative regulation (Bollens 1986;Foster 1997). SDs normally have governing boards and employees and provide services to the public, while some forms of SDs do not, such that instrumentally raise funds and issue bonds. Specialized services from the various districts resemble private goods (Burns 1994). This is due to their primary funding sources and eligibility for exclusive service provisions being based on a locational basis (Park 2021). Thus, SDs and nonprofits function similarly despite sector differences, as they are responsible for services that were never or are no longer provided by general-purpose governments (Foster 1997).However, it remains untested in the literature how SDs affect nonprofit proliferation. To explore the potential relationship between two organizations in different sectors, this study proposes two competing district-nonprofit relationships. Using U.S. data from the Census of Government Finance and the National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS) databases between 1997 and 2017, this study finds that greater size

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County-Nonprofit Service Arrangements: The Roles of Federal and State Fiscal Involvement

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

The Impact of the Great Recession on County Human-Service Organizations: A Cross-Case Analysis

The Impact of the Great Recession on County Human-Service Organizations: A Cross-Case Analysis

Obstacles to Social Service Collaboration in Response to the Great Recession: The Case of the Contra Costa County Safety Net Initiative

Testing a relationship between special districts and nonprofits: Do they substitute or complement?

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